Exposure to airborne cadmium and breast cancer stage, grade and histology at diagnosis: findings from the E3N cohort study

Amina Amadou (1, 2) , Delphine Praud (1, 2) , Thomas Coudon (2, 1) , Aurélie Marcelle Nicole Danjou (2) , Élodie Faure (3) , Floriane Deygas (2, 1) , Lény Grassot (2, 1) , Karen Leffondré (4) , Gianluca Severi (3) , Pietro Salizzoni (5) , Francesca Romana Mancini (3) , Béatrice Fervers (2)

1 Inserm U1296 - Unité Ad Hoc INSERM 000008 "Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement" [Lyon]
2 Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]
3 CESP - Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations
4 INSERM U1219 - UB - ISPED - Team MORPH3EUS
5 LMFA - Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique

Molecular studies suggest that cadmium due to its estrogenic properties, might play a role in breast cancer (BC) progression. However epidemiological evidence is limited. This study explored the association between long-term exposure to airborne cadmium and risk of BC by stage, grade of differentiation, and histological types at diagnosis. A nested case–control study of 4401 cases and 4401 matched controls was conducted within the French E3N cohort. A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based metric demonstrated to reliably characterize long-term environmental exposures was employed to evaluate airborne exposure to cadmium. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. There was no relationship between cadmium exposure and stage of BC. Also, no association between cadmium exposure and grade of differentiation of BC was observed. However, further analyses by histological type suggested a positive association between cadmium and risk of invasive tubular carcinoma (ITC) BC [ORQ5 vs Q1 = 3.4 (95% CI 1.1–10.7)]. The restricted cubic spline assessment suggested a dose–response relationship between cadmium and ITC BC subtype. Our results do not support the hypothesis that airborne cadmium exposure may play a role in advanced BC risk, but suggest that cadmium may be associated with an increased risk of ITC.

Domaines: Cancer; Santé; Santé publique et épidémiologie

Amina Amadou, Delphine Praud, Thomas Coudon, Aurélie Marcelle Nicole Danjou, Élodie Faure, et al.. Exposure to airborne cadmium and breast cancer stage, grade and histology at diagnosis: findings from the E3N cohort study. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11, pp.23088. ⟨10.1038/s41598-021-01243-0⟩. ⟨hal-03487750⟩