Energy of N Cooper pair by analytically solving Richardson-Gaudin equations

Michel Crouzeix (1) , Monique Combescot (2)

1 IRMAR - Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes
2 INSP - Institut des Nanosciences de Paris

This Letter provides the solution to a yet unsolved basic problem of Solid State Physics: the ground state energy of an arbitrary number of Cooper pairs interacting via the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer potential. We here break a 50 year old math problem by analytically solving Richardson-Gaudin equations which give the exact energy of these $N$ pairs via $N$ parameters coupled through $N$ non-linear equations. Our result fully supports the standard BCS result obtained for a pair number equal to half the number of states feeling the potential. More importantly, it shows that the interaction part of the $N$-pair energy depends on $N$ as $N(N-1)$ only from N=1 to the dense regime, a result which evidences that Cooper pairs interact via Pauli blocking only.

Domaines: Supraconductivité [cond-mat.supr-con]

Michel Crouzeix, Monique Combescot. Energy of N Cooper pair by analytically solving Richardson-Gaudin equations. 2011. ⟨hal-00647291⟩