S. R. Pandi-perumal, I. Trakht, D. W. Spence, V. Srinivasan, Y. Dagan et al., The roles of melatonin and light in the pathophysiology and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders, Nature Clinical Practice Neurology, vol.8, issue.8, pp.436-447, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/ncpneuro0847

A. B. Lerner, J. D. Case, and Y. Takahashi, Isolation of melatonin and 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid from bovine pineal glands, J. Biol. Chem, vol.235, 1960.

D. P. Cardinali and . Melatonin, Melatonin. A Mammalian Pineal Hormone*, Endocrine Reviews, vol.2, issue.3, pp.327-346, 1981.
DOI : 10.1210/edrv-2-3-327

J. H. Stehle, C. Gall, and H. W. Korf, Melatonin - a clock output, a clock input, GBM Annual Spring meeting Mosbach 2003, vol.2003, issue.Spring, pp.383-389, 2003.
DOI : 10.1240/sav_gbm_2003_m_000366

D. C. Klein and N. Arylalkylamine, Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase: "the Timezyme", Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.282, issue.7, pp.4233-4237, 2007.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.R600036200

V. Simonneaux and C. Ribelayga, Generation of the Melatonin Endocrine Message in Mammals: A Review of the Complex Regulation of Melatonin Synthesis by Norepinephrine, Peptides, and Other Pineal Transmitters, Pharmacological Reviews, vol.55, issue.2, pp.325-395, 2003.
DOI : 10.1124/pr.55.2.2

M. L. Dubocovich, P. Delagrange, D. N. Krause, D. Sugden, D. P. Cardinali et al., International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXV. Nomenclature, Classification, and Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Melatonin Receptors, Pharmacological Reviews, vol.62, issue.3, pp.343-380, 2010.
DOI : 10.1124/pr.110.002832

D. P. Cardinali, D. A. Golombek, R. E. Rosenstein, R. A. Cutrera, and A. Esquifino, Melatonin site and mechanism of action: Single or multiple?, Journal of Pineal Research, vol.21, issue.1, pp.32-39, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80411-3

S. J. Mccarter, C. L. Boswell, E. K. St-louis, L. G. Dueffert, N. Slocumb et al., Treatment outcomes in REM sleep behavior disorder, Sleep Medicine, vol.14, issue.3, pp.237-242, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.sleep.2012.09.018

M. Russcher, B. C. Koch, J. E. Nagtegaal, F. J. Van-ittersum, P. C. Pasker-de-jong et al., Long-term effects of melatonin on quality of life and sleep in hemodialysis patients (Melody study): A randomized controlled trial, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol

R. E. Appleton and P. Gringras, Melatonin: helping to MEND impaired sleep, Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol.98, issue.3, pp.216-217, 2013.
DOI : 10.1136/archdischild-2012-303606
URL : http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/98/3/216

S. Comai, R. Ochoa-sanchez, and G. Gobbi, Sleep???wake characterization of double MT1/MT2 receptor knockout mice and comparison with MT1 and MT2 receptor knockout mice, Behavioural Brain Research, vol.243, pp.231-238, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.01.008

E. J. Sánchez-barceló, M. D. Mediavilla, D. X. Tan, and R. J. Reiter, Clinical Uses of Melatonin: Evaluation of Human Trials, Current Medicinal Chemistry, vol.17, issue.19, pp.2070-2095, 2010.
DOI : 10.2174/092986710791233689

R. A. Kireev, A. C. Tresguerres, C. Garcia, C. Ariznavarreta, E. Vara et al., Melatonin is able to prevent the liver of old castrated female rats from oxidative and pro-inflammatory damage, Journal of Pineal Research, vol.40, issue.4, pp.394-402, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2008.00606.x

M. Pohanka, J. Sobotka, M. Jilkova, and R. Stetina, Oxidative stress after sulfur mustard intoxication and its reduction by melatonin: efficacy of antioxidant therapy during serious intoxication, Drug and Chemical Toxicology, vol.56, issue.1, pp.85-91, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-2952(00)00577-3

Y. L. Liang, Z. H. Zhang, X. J. Liu, X. Q. Liu, and L. Tao, Melatonin Protects against Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (AIF)-Dependent Cell Death during Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Failure, PLoS ONE, vol.46, issue.12, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0051911.t001

S. S. Jang, H. G. Kim, J. S. Lee, J. M. Han, H. J. Park et al., Melatonin reduces X-ray radiation-induced lung injury in mice by modulating oxidative stress and cytokine expression, International Journal of Radiation Biology, vol.40, issue.2, pp.97-105, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01486737

J. A. Tresguerres, R. Kireev, K. Forman, S. Cuesta, A. F. Tresguerres et al., Effect of Chronic Melatonin Administration on Several Physiological Parameters from Old Wistar Rats and Samp8 Mice, Current Aging Science, vol.5, issue.3, pp.242-253
DOI : 10.2174/1874609811205030012

V. N. Anisimov, I. A. Vinogradova, A. V. Panchenko, I. G. Popovich, and M. A. Zabezhinski, Light-at-Night-Induced Circadian Disruption, Cancer and Aging, Current Aging Science, vol.5, issue.3, pp.170-177
DOI : 10.2174/1874609811205030002

A. Corrales, P. Martínez, S. García, V. Vidal, E. García et al., Long-term oral administration of melatonin improves spatial learning and memory and protects against cholinergic degeneration in middle-aged Ts65Dn mice, a model of Down syndrome, Journal of Pineal Research, vol.93, issue.3, pp.346-358, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/jpi.12037

J. Tchekalarova, Z. Petkova, D. Pechlivanova, S. Moyanova, L. Kortenska et al., Prophylactic treatment with melatonin after status epilepticus: Effects on epileptogenesis, neuronal damage, and behavioral changes in a kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy, Epilepsy & Behavior, vol.27, issue.1, pp.174-187, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.01.009

D. P. Cardinali, D. E. Vigo, N. Olivar, M. F. Vidal, A. M. Furio et al., Therapeutic application of melatonin in mild cognitive impairment, Am. J. Neurodegener. Dis, vol.1, pp.280-291, 2012.

P. Pevet, B. Bothorel, H. Slotten, and M. Saboureau, The chronobiotic properties of melatonin, Cell and Tissue Research, vol.309, issue.1, pp.183-191, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00441-002-0584-1

H. A. Slotten, S. Krekling, B. Sicard, and P. Pévet, Daily infusion of melatonin entrains circadian activity rhythms in the diurnal rodent Arvicanthis ansorgei, Behavioural Brain Research, vol.133, issue.1, pp.11-19, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-4328(01)00411-9

H. A. Slotten, B. Pitrosky, S. Krekling, and P. Pévet, Entrainment of Circadian Activity Rhythms in Rats to Melatonin Administered at T Cycles Different from 24 Hours, Neurosignals, vol.11, issue.2, pp.73-80, 2002.
DOI : 10.1159/000058543

P. Pevet, E. Challet, and . Melatonin, Melatonin: Both master clock output and internal time-giver in the circadian clocks network, Journal of Physiology-Paris, vol.105, issue.4-6, pp.170-182, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2011.07.001

J. D. Johnston, S. Messager, P. Barrett, and D. G. Hazlerigg, Melatonin Action in the Pituitary: Neuroendocrine Synchronizer and Developmental Modulator?, Journal of Neuroendocrinology, vol.12, issue.4, pp.405-408, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.00972.x

J. H. Stehle, C. Gall, and H. W. Korf, Organisation of the circadian system in melatonin-proficient C3H and melatonin-deficient C57BL mice: a comparative investigation, Cell and Tissue Research, vol.309, issue.1, pp.173-182, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00441-002-0583-2

V. Gall, C. Garabette, M. L. Kell, C. A. Frenzel, S. Dehghani et al., Rhythmic gene expression in pituitary depends on heterologous sensitization by the neurohormone melatonin, Nature Neuroscience, vol.5, issue.3, pp.234-238, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/nn806

S. Messager, M. L. Garabette, M. H. Hastings, and D. G. Hazlerigg, Tissue-specific abolition of Per1 expression in the pars tuberalis by pinealectomy in the Syrian hamster, Neuroreport, vol.12, issue.3, pp.579-582, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00001756-200103050-00029

L. Agez, V. Laurent, H. Y. Guerrero, P. Pévet, M. Masson-pévet et al., Endogenous melatonin provides an effective circadian message to both the suprachiasmatic nuclei and the pars tuberalis of the rat, Journal of Pineal Research, vol.958, issue.1, pp.95-105, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2008.00636.x

R. W. Logan, O. Wynne, D. Levitt, D. Price, and D. K. Sarkar, Mutant Mice, Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research, vol.33, issue.3, pp.108-114, 2013.
DOI : 10.1089/jir.2012.0092

M. Zeman, Herichova, I. Melatonin and clock genes expression in the cardiovascular system, Front Biosci, vol.5, pp.743-753, 2013.

M. I. Alonso-vale, S. Andreotti, P. Y. Mukai, C. D. Borges-silva, S. B. Peres et al., Melatonin and the circadian entrainment of metabolic and hormonal activities in primary isolated adipocytes, Journal of Pineal Research, vol.83, issue.4, pp.422-429, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2008.00610.x

D. J. Kennaway, J. A. Owens, A. Voultsios, and N. Wight, Adipokines and Adipocyte Function in Clock Mutant Mice That Retain Melatonin Rhythmicity, Obesity, vol.324, issue.2, pp.295-305, 2012.
DOI : 10.1038/oby.2011.276

J. Delezie, S. Dumont, H. Dardente, H. Oudart, A. Gréchez-cassiau et al., Challet, E. The nuclear receptor REV-ERB? is required for the daily balance of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, FASEB J. 2012, vol.26, pp.3321-3335

S. Xiang, L. Mao, T. Duplessis, L. Yuan, R. Dauchy et al., Oscillation of clock and clock controlled genes induced by serum shock in human breast epithelial and breast cancer cells: Regulation by melatonin, Breast Cancer, vol.6, pp.137-150

C. Torres-farfan, N. Mendez, L. Abarzua-catalan, N. Vilches, and G. J. Valenzuela, A Circadian Clock Entrained by Melatonin Is Ticking in the Rat Fetal Adrenal, Endocrinology, vol.152, issue.5, pp.1891-1900, 2011.
DOI : 10.1210/en.2010-1260

S. Chakravarty and S. I. Rizvi, Circadian modulation of human erythrocyte plasma membrane redox system by melatonin, Neuroscience Letters, vol.518, issue.1, pp.32-35, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.042

J. Axelrod, The Pineal Gland: A Neurochemical Transducer, Science, vol.184, issue.4144, pp.1341-1348, 1974.
DOI : 10.1126/science.184.4144.1341

I. Zhdanova, H. Lynch, and R. Wurtman, Melatonin: A sleep-promoting hormone, pp.899-907, 1997.

J. Arendt, Melatonin and Human Rhythms, Chronobiology International, vol.341, issue.1, pp.21-37, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2004.00117.x

L. P. Niles, K. J. Armstrong, L. M. Castro, C. V. Dao, R. Sharma et al., Neural stem cells express melatonin receptors and neurotrophic factors: Colocalization of the MT1 receptor with neuronal and glial markers, BMC Neuroscience, vol.5, issue.1, p.41, 2004.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2202-5-41

S. Iwasaki, K. Nakazawa, J. Sakai, K. Kometani, M. Iwashita et al., Melatonin as a local regulator of human placental function, Journal of Pineal Research, vol.78, issue.1, pp.261-265, 2005.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2002-020449

J. De-faria-poloni, B. C. Feltes, and D. Bonatto, Melatonin as a central molecule connecting neural development and calcium signaling, Functional & Integrative Genomics, vol.273, issue.3, pp.383-388, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s10142-011-0221-8

G. Glickman, Circadian rhythms and sleep in children with autism, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol.34, issue.5, pp.755-768, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.017

R. D. Honomichl, B. L. Goodlin-jones, M. Burnham, E. Gaylor, and T. Anders, Sleep patterns of children with pervasive developmental disorders, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.32, issue.6, pp.553-561, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1021254914276

Y. Hoshino, H. Wanatabe, Y. Yashima, M. Kaneko, and H. Kumashiro, An Investigation on Sleep Disturbance of Autistic Children, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, vol.28, issue.32, pp.45-51, 1984.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1968.tb02204.x

C. R. Johnson, Sleep problems in children with mental retardation and autism. Child Adolesc, Psychiatr. Clin. N. Amer, vol.5, pp.673-683, 1996.

L. M. Patzold, A. L. Richdale, and B. J. Tonge, An investigation into sleep characteristics of children with autism and Asperger's Disorder, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, vol.24, issue.6, pp.528-533, 1998.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1440-1754.1998.00291.x

A. L. Richdale and M. R. Prior, The sleep/wake rhythm in children with autism, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol.11, issue.Suppl. 1, pp.175-186, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01980456

A. L. Richdale, Sleep problems in autism: prevalence, cause, and intervention, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, vol.102, issue.Suppl., pp.60-66, 1999.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1999.tb00012.x

M. Rutter, CONCEPTS OF AUTISM: A REVIEW OF RESEARCH, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol.6, issue.2, pp.1-25, 1968.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00578950

K. A. Schreck and J. A. Mullick, Parental reports of sleep problems in children with autism, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.30, issue.2, pp.127-135, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005407622050

G. M. Anderson, Genetics of Childhood Disorders: XLV. Autism, Part 4: Serotonin in Autism, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol.41, issue.12, pp.1513-1516, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00004583-200212000-00025

K. Nakamura, Y. Sekine, Y. Ouchi, M. Tsujii, E. Yoshikawa et al., Brain Serotonin and Dopamine Transporter Bindings in Adults With High-Functioning Autism, Archives of General Psychiatry, vol.67, issue.1, pp.59-68, 2010.
DOI : 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.137

S. Tordjman, G. M. Anderson, N. Pichard, H. Charbuy, and Y. Touitou, Nocturnal excretion of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in children and adolescents with autistic disorder, Biological Psychiatry, vol.57, issue.2, pp.134-138, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.003

S. Tordjman, G. M. Anderson, E. Bellissant, M. Botbol, H. Charbuy et al., Day and nighttime excretion of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in adolescents and young adults with autistic disorder, Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol.37, issue.12, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.04.013

A. Miyamoto, J. Oki, S. Takahashi, and A. Okuno, Serum melatonin kinetics and long-term melatonin treatment for sleep disorders in Rett syndrome, Brain and Development, vol.21, issue.1, pp.59-62, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0387-7604(98)00072-2

Y. Yamashita, T. Matsuishi, Y. Murakami, and H. Kato, Sleep disorder in Rett syndrome and melatonin treatment, Brain Dev, vol.21, p.570, 1999.

R. J. Reiter, L. Barlow-walden, B. Poeggeler, S. M. Heiden, and R. J. Clayton, Twenty-four hour urinary excretion of 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate in Down syndrome subjects, Journal of Pineal Research, vol.15, issue.1, pp.45-50, 1996.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.87.13.5006

E. L. Gould, D. Z. Loesch, M. J. Martin, R. J. Hagerman, S. M. Amstrong et al., Melatonin profiles and sleep characteristics in boys with fragile X syndrome: A preliminary study, American Journal of Medical Genetics, vol.19, issue.4, pp.307-315, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1096-8628(20001211)95:4<307::AID-AJMG3>3.0.CO;2-3

E. R. Ritvo, R. Ritvo, A. Yuliwer, A. Brothers, B. J. Freeman et al., Elevated daytime melatonin concentrations in autism: A pilot study, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol.233, issue.Suppl., pp.75-78, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02098862

I. Nir, D. Meir, N. Zilber, H. Knobler, J. Hadjez et al., Brief report: Circadian melatonin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and cortisol levels in serum of young adults with autism, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.272, issue.Suppl., pp.641-654, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02178193

G. Kulman, P. Lissoni, F. Rovelli, M. G. Roselli, F. Brivio et al., Evidence of pineal endocrine hypofunction in autistic children, Neuroendocrinol. Lett, vol.20, pp.31-34, 2000.

J. Melke, H. Goubran-botros, P. Chaste, C. Betancur, G. Nygren et al., Abnormal melatonin synthesis in autism spectrum disorders, Molecular Psychiatry, vol.280, issue.1, pp.90-98, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/mrdd.20023
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00166901

E. J. Mulder, G. M. Anderson, R. F. Kemperman, A. Oosterloo-duinkerken, R. B. Minderaa et al., Urinary Excretion of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Serotonin and 6-Sulphatoxymelatonin in Normoserotonemic and Hyperserotonemic Autistic Individuals, Neuropsychobiology, vol.61, issue.1, pp.27-32, 2010.
DOI : 10.1159/000258640

H. G. Botros, P. Legrand, C. Pagan, V. Bondet, P. Weber et al., Crystal structure and functional mapping of human ASMT, the last enzyme of the melatonin synthesis pathway, Journal of Pineal Research, vol.426, issue.1, pp.46-57, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2012.01020.x

G. Cai, L. Edelmann, J. E. Goldsmith, N. Cohen, A. Nakamine et al., Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for genetic screening in autism spectrum disorders: Efficient identification of known microduplications and identification of a novel microduplication in ASMT, BMC Medical Genomics, vol.12, issue.11, p.50, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.mp.4002069
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00375019

C. Toma, M. Rossi, I. Sousa, F. Blasi, E. Bacchelli et al., Is ASMT a susceptibility gene for autism spectrum disorders? A replication study in European populations, Molecular Psychiatry, vol.21, issue.11, pp.977-979, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.mp.4002069

L. Jonsson, E. Ljunggren, A. Bremer, C. Pedersen, M. Landen et al., Mutation screening of melatonin-related genes in patients with autism spectrum disorders, BMC Medical Genomics, vol.46, issue.1, p.10, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2008.00659.x

P. Chaste, N. Clement, O. Mercati, J. L. Guillaume, R. Delorme et al., Identification of Pathway-Biased and Deleterious Melatonin Receptor Mutants in Autism Spectrum Disorders and in the General Population, PLoS ONE, vol.58, issue.7, p.11495, 2010.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0011495.s003

H. Gardener, D. Spiegelman, and S. L. Buka, Perinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis, PEDIATRICS, vol.128, issue.2, pp.344-355, 2011.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2010-1036

V. L. Revell and D. J. Skene, Light???Induced Melatonin Suppression in Humans with Polychromatic and Monochromatic Light, Chronobiology International, vol.342, issue.1, pp.1125-1135, 2007.
DOI : 10.1080/07420520601055308

M. Zapella, Autism and Hypomelanosis of Ito in Twins, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, vol.1, issue.9, pp.826-832, 1993.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1993.tb11734.x

S. Tordjman, G. M. Anderson, P. A. Mcbride, M. Hertzig, M. Snow et al., Plasma ?-Endorphin, Adrenocorticotropin Hormone, and Cortisol in Autism, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol.97, issue.6, pp.705-716, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/0024-3205(81)90385-4

C. Doyen, D. Mighiu, K. Kaya, C. Colineaux, C. Beaumanoir et al., Melatonin in children with autistic spectrum disorders: recent and practical data, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol.63, issue.6, pp.231-239, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s00787-011-0162-8
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00674185

F. Guénolé, R. Godbout, A. Nicolas, P. Franco, B. Claustrat et al., Melatonin for disordered sleep in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: Systematic review and discussion, Sleep Medicine Reviews, vol.15, issue.6, pp.379-387, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.smrv.2011.02.001

D. A. Rossignol and R. E. Frye, Melatonin in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, vol.53, issue.9, pp.783-792, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03980.x

J. P. Horrigan and L. Barnhill, MORE ON MELATONIN, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol.36, issue.8, p.1014, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00004583-199708000-00002

E. Hayashi, Effect of melatonin on sleep-wake rhythm: The sleep diary of an autistic male, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, vol.37, issue.3, pp.383-384, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2000.00725.x

J. E. Jan, R. D. Freeman, M. B. Wasdell, and M. M. Bomben, ???A child with severe night terrors and sleep-walking responds to melatonin therapy???, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, vol.5, issue.11, p.789, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2004.tb01003.x

R. Gupta and J. Hutchins, Melatonin: a panacea for desperate parents? (Hype or truth), Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol.90, issue.9, pp.986-987, 2005.
DOI : 10.1136/adc.2005.075218

I. M. Andersen, J. Kaczmarska, S. G. Mcgrew, and B. A. Malow, Melatonin for Insomnia in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Journal of Child Neurology, vol.23, issue.5, pp.482-485, 2008.
DOI : 10.1177/0883073807309783

G. Galli-carminati, N. Deriaz, and G. Bertschy, Melatonin in treatment of chronic sleep disorders in adults with autism: Retrospective study, Swiss Med. Weekly, vol.139, pp.293-296, 2009.

J. E. Jan, H. Espezel, and R. E. Appleton, THE TREATMENT OF SLEEP DISORDERS WITH MELATONIN, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, vol.38, issue.2, pp.97-107, 1994.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1994.tb11818.x

A. Ishizaki, M. Sugama, and N. Takeuchi, Usefulness of melatonin for developmental sleep and emotional/behaviour disorders?studies of melatonin trial on 50 patients with developmental disorders, No To Hattatsu, vol.31, pp.428-437, 1999.

E. J. Paavonen, T. Nieminen-von-wendt, R. Vanhala, E. T. Aronen, and L. Von-wendt, Effectiveness of Melatonin in the Treatment of Sleep Disturbances in Children with Asperger Disorder, Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, vol.13, issue.1, pp.83-95, 2003.
DOI : 10.1089/104454603321666225

F. Giannotti, F. Cortesi, A. Cerquiglini, and P. Bernabei, An Open-Label Study of Controlled-Release Melatonin in Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Children with Autism, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.12, issue.1, pp.741-752, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-006-0116-z

D. Leersnyder, H. Zisapel, N. Laudon, and M. , Prolonged-Release Melatonin for Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Pediatric Neurology, vol.45, issue.1, pp.23-26, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2011.02.001

B. Malow, K. Adkins, S. Mcgrew, L. Wang, S. Goldman et al., Melatonin for Sleep in Children with Autism: A Controlled Trial Examining Dose, Tolerability, and Outcomes, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.32, issue.9, pp.10-1007, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-011-1418-3

A. J. Macarthur and S. S. Budden, Sleep dysfunction in Rett syndrome: a trial of exogenous melatonin treatment, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, vol.25, issue.3, pp.186-192, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15445.x

J. Garstang and M. Wallis, Randomized controlled trial of melatonin for children with autistic spectrum disorders and sleep problems. Child Care Health Dev, pp.585-589, 2006.

M. B. Wasdell, J. E. Jan, M. M. Bomben, R. D. Freeman, W. J. Rietveld et al., A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of controlled release melatonin treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome and impaired sleep maintenance in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities, Journal of Pineal Research, vol.26, issue.0, pp.57-64, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2005.00294.x

B. L. Goodlin-jones, The efficacy of melatonin for sleep problems in children with autism, fragile X syndrome, or autism and fragile X syndrome, J. Clin. Sleep Med, vol.5, pp.145-150, 2009.

B. Wright, D. Sims, S. Smart, A. Alwazeer, B. Alderson-day et al., Melatonin Versus Placebo in Children with Autism Spectrum Conditions and Severe Sleep Problems Not Amenable to Behaviour Management Strategies: A Randomised Controlled Crossover Trial, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.46, issue.3, pp.175-184, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-010-1036-5

F. Cortesi, F. Giannotti, T. Sebastiani, S. Panunzi, and D. Valente, Controlled-release melatonin, singly and combined with cognitive behavioural therapy, for persistent insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized placebo-controlled trial, Journal of Sleep Research, vol.41, issue.6, pp.700-709, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01021.x

P. Gringas, C. Gamble, A. P. Jones, L. Wiggs, P. R. Williamson et al., Melatonin for sleep problems in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: Randomised double masked placebo controlled trial, BMJ, vol.2012, issue.345, pp.1-16

J. E. Jan and M. E. Donnel, Use of melatonin in the treatment of paediatric sleep disorders, Journal of Pineal Research, vol.38, issue.4, pp.193-199, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-9236(95)90040-3

J. E. Jan, M. B. Connolly, D. Hamilton, R. D. Freeman, and M. Laudon, Melatonin treatment of non-epileptic myoclonus in children, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, vol.87, issue.4, pp.255-259, 1999.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1999.tb00593.x

L. Phillips and R. E. Appleton, Systematic review of melatonin treatment in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities and sleep impairment, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, vol.81, issue.11, pp.771-775, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00998.x

W. Braam, M. G. Smits, R. Didden, H. Korzilius, M. Van-geijlswijk et al., Exogenous melatonin for sleep problems in individuals with intellectual disability: a meta-analysis, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, vol.31, issue.5, pp.340-349, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03244.x

R. Reading, Melatonin in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Care Health Dev, pp.301-302, 2012.

F. Guénolé and J. M. Baleyte, Meta-analysing the effectiveness of melatonin for sleep-disturbed individuals with autism spectrum conditions: Should Rett syndrome be included? Dev, Med. Child Neurol, pp.53-1063, 2011.

F. Guénolé and J. M. Baleyte, Effects of Melatonin Should Be Studied Separately in Each Neurodevelopmental Disorder and With Specific Sleep Diagnoses, Pediatric Neurology, vol.46, issue.1, p.60, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2011.11.001

J. E. Jan and R. D. Freeman, Melatonin therapy for circadian rhythm sleep disorders in children with multiple disabilities: what have we learned in the last decade?, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, vol.42, issue.Suppl 1, pp.776-782, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00999.x

C. Lord, What is melatonin? Is it a useful treatment for sleep problems in autism?, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.28, issue.4, pp.345-346, 1998.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1026072922104

J. Jan, R. D. Freeman, and D. K. Fast, Melatonin treatment of sleep-wake cycle disorders in children and adolescents, Med. Child Neurol. Dev, vol.41, pp.491-500, 1999.

W. Braam, I. Van-geijlswijk, H. Keijzer, M. G. Smits, R. Didden et al., Loss of response to melatonin treatment is associated with slow melatonin metabolism, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, vol.11, issue.6, pp.547-555, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01283.x

W. Braam, H. Keijzer, H. Struijker-boudier, R. Didden, M. Smits et al., CYP1A2 polymorphisms in slow melatonin metabolisers: a possible relationship with autism spectrum disorder?, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, vol.42, issue.23
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01595.x

Y. Touitou, Human aging and melatonin. Clinical relevance, Experimental Gerontology, vol.36, issue.7, pp.1083-1100, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0531-5565(01)00120-6

A. Cavallo and W. A. Ritschel, Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in human sexual maturation, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab, vol.81, pp.1882-1886, 1996.

C. Lord, Diagnostic Instruments in Autism Spectrum Disorders in Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, 1997.

L. Quine, Sleep problems in children with mental handicap, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, vol.10, issue.4, pp.269-290, 1991.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb00402.x

S. Kotagal and E. Broomall, Sleep in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Pediatric Neurology, vol.47, issue.4, pp.242-251
DOI : 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2012.05.007

J. Rosenberg, K. Push, R. Dietrich, and C. Cajochen, The Tick-Tock of Language: Is Language Processing Sensitive to Circadian Rhythmicity and Elevated Sleep Pressure?, Chronobiology International, vol.44, issue.5, pp.974-991, 2009.
DOI : 10.1080/01690960444000241

R. Jansen, R. Metzdorf, M. Van-der-roest, L. Fusani, A. Ter-maat et al., Melatonin affects the temporal organization of the song of the zebra finch, The FASEB Journal, vol.19, pp.848-850, 2005.
DOI : 10.1096/fj.04-2874fje

V. W. Hu, T. Sarachana, K. S. Kim, A. Nguyen, S. Kulkarni et al., Gene expression profiling differentiates autism case-controls and phenotypic variants of autism spectrum disorders: evidence for circadian rhythm dysfunction in severe autism, Autism Research, vol.33, issue.6, pp.78-97, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030063

J. Boucher, Lost in a Sea of Time: Time Parsing and Autism, 2001.

D. Wimpory, B. Nicholas, and S. Nash, Social timing, clock genes and autism: a new hypothesis, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, vol.69, issue.4, pp.352-358, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005683209438

P. C. Molenaar and C. G. Campbell, The New Person-Specific Paradigm in Psychology, Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol.45, issue.2, pp.112-117, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01619.x

R. Brown, R. P. Hobson, A. Lee, and J. Stevenson, Are There "Autistic-like" Features in Congenitally Blind Children?, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol.10, issue.6, pp.693-703, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00260976

A. I. Donaldson, K. S. Heavner, and T. A. Zwolan, Measuring Progress in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Who Have Cochlear Implants, Archives of Otolaryngology???Head & Neck Surgery, vol.130, issue.5, pp.666-671, 2004.
DOI : 10.1001/archotol.130.5.666

A. Guedeney, N. Guedeney, S. Tereno, R. Dugravier, T. Greacen et al., Infant rhythms versus parental time: Promoting parent???infant synchrony, Journal of Physiology-Paris, vol.105, issue.4-6, pp.195-200, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2011.07.005

A. N. Meltzoff, P. K. Kuhl, J. Movellan, and T. J. Sejnowski, Foundations for a New Science of Learning, Science, vol.325, issue.5938, pp.284-288, 2009.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1175626

P. K. Kuhl, Early language acquisition: cracking the speech code, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.12, issue.11, pp.831-843, 2004.
DOI : 10.1126/science.298.5598.1569

M. H. Goldstein, A. P. King, and M. J. West, Social interaction shapes babbling: Testing parallels between birdsong and speech, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, pp.8030-8035
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1332441100
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC164707

L. Chaby, M. Chetouani, M. Plaza, and D. Cohen, Exploring multimodal social-emotional behaviors in autism spectrum disorders, Proceedings of the 2012 ASE/IEEE International Conference on Social Computing and 2012 ASE/IEEE International Conference on Privacy, Security, pp.950-954

E. Delaherche, M. Chetouani, A. Mahdhaoui, C. Saint-georges, S. Viaux et al., Interpersonal Synchrony: A Survey of Evaluation Methods across Disciplines, IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, vol.3, issue.3, pp.349-365
DOI : 10.1109/T-AFFC.2012.12

C. L. Crown, S. Feldstein, M. D. Jasnow, B. Beebe, and J. Jaffe, The cross-modal coordination of interpersonal timing: Six-week-olds infants' gaze with adults' vocal behavior, Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, vol.31, issue.1, pp.1-23, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1014301303616

K. M. Stormark and H. C. Braarud, Infants??? sensitivity to social contingency: a ???double video??? study of face-to-face communication between 2- and 4-month-olds and their mothers, Infant Behavior and Development, vol.27, issue.2, pp.195-203, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.infbeh.2003.09.004

R. Feldman, Parent?infant synchrony and the construction of shared timing; physiological precursors, developmental outcomes, and risk conditions, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol.2, issue.2, pp.329-354, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S0163-6383(96)90035-1

G. J. Dumas, R. Nadel, J. Soussignan, L. Martinerie, and L. Garnero, Inter-Brain Synchronization during Social Interaction, PLoS ONE, vol.10, issue.177, pp.278-288, 2010.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0012166.t002
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00679917

A. Perry, N. F. Troje, and S. Bentin, Exploring motor system contributions to the perception of social information: Evidence from EEG activity in the mu/alpha frequency range, Social Neuroscience, vol.25, issue.3, pp.272-284, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00679-2

F. Champagne, J. Diorio, S. Sharma, and M. J. Meaney, Naturally occurring variations in maternal behavior in the rat are associated with differences in estrogen-inducible central oxytocin receptors, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.98, issue.22, pp.12736-12741, 2001.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.221224598

O. Weisman, O. Zagoory-sharon, and R. Feldman, Oxytocin Administration to Parent Enhances Infant Physiological and Behavioral Readiness for Social Engagement, Biological Psychiatry, vol.72, issue.12, pp.982-989, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.06.011

P. Muratori, S. Maestro, F. Muratori, and D. Cohen, Do parents recognize autistic deviant behavior long before diagnosis? Taking into account interaction using computational methods, PLoS One, vol.6, p.22393, 2011.

E. Werner, G. Dawson, J. Osterling, and N. Dinno, Brief report: Recognition of autism spectrum disorder before one year of age: A retrospective study based on home videotapes, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.30, issue.2, pp.157-162, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005463707029

V. Guinchat, B. Chamak, B. Bonniau, N. Bodeau, D. Perisse et al., Danion, A. Very early signs of autism reported by parents include many concerns not specific to autism criteria

L. Zwaigenbaum, S. Bryson, T. Rogers, W. Roberts, J. Brian et al., Behavioral manifestations of autism in the first year of life, International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, vol.23, issue.2-3, pp.143-152, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.05.001

M. Elsabbagh and M. H. Johnson, Getting answers from babies about autism, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol.14, issue.2, pp.81-87, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tics.2009.12.005

D. Cohen, R. S. Cassel, C. Saint-georges, A. Mahdhaoui, M. C. Laznik et al., Do motherese prosody and fathers' involvement in interacting facilitate social interaction in infants who will later develop autism? PLoS One, p.61402, 2013.

K. Watanabe, Behavioral speed contagion: Automatic modulation of movement timing by observation of body movements, Cognition, vol.106, issue.3, pp.1514-1524, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.06.001

B. Nettl, An Ethnomusicologist Contemplates Universals in Musical Sound and Musical Culture In The Origins of Music, pp.463-472, 2000.

A. D. Patel, J. R. Iversen, M. R. Bregman, and I. Schulz, Experimental Evidence for Synchronization to a Musical Beat in a Nonhuman Animal, Current Biology, vol.19, issue.10, pp.827-830, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2009.03.038

C. Trevarthen and K. J. Aitken, Infant Intersubjectivity: Research, Theory, and Clinical Applications, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol.42, issue.1, pp.3-48, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/1469-7610.00701

R. Feldman, Parent???Infant Synchrony, Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol.31, issue.6, pp.340-345, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00532.x

I. Winkler, G. P. Háden, and O. Ladinig, Sziller, I.; Honing, H. Newborn infants detect the beat in music, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, pp.2468-2471, 2009.

J. Provasi and A. Bobin-begue, Spontaneous motor tempo and rhythmical synchronisation in 2??- and 4-year-old children, International Journal of Behavioral Development, vol.27, issue.3, pp.220-231, 2003.
DOI : 10.1080/01650250244000290

A. Bobin-bègue, J. Provasi, A. Marks, and V. Pouthas, Influence of??auditory tempo on??the??endogenous rhythm of??non-nutritive sucking, Revue Europ??enne de Psychologie Appliqu??e/European Review of Applied Psychology, vol.56, issue.4, pp.239-245, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.erap.2005.09.006

C. Trevarthen and S. Stuart-daniel, Disorganized rhythm and synchrony: Early signs of autism and Rett syndrome, Brain and Development, vol.27, pp.25-34, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.braindev.2005.03.016

D. W. Winnicott, COLLECTED PAPERS, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, vol.238, issue.1, 1958.
DOI : 10.1097/00000441-195907000-00028

S. Tordjman, At the crossroads between psychoanalysis and neuroscience: The importance of subjectivity, Journal of Physiology-Paris, vol.104, issue.5, pp.232-242, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2010.08.001

A. Casanova, M. Saladin, R. Uhl, and . Ed, L'évolution d'un cas d'autisme à l'âge adulte, René Diatkine, une pensée en mouvement coordinated, 2002.

J. Galloway, Helix through the looking-glass, New Sci, vol.27, pp.242-244, 1983.

L. Kanner, Austistic disturbances of affective contact, Nerv. Child, vol.32, pp.217-253, 1943.

C. Amiet, I. Gourfinkel-an, A. Bouzamondo, S. Tordjman, M. Baulas et al., Epilepsy in Autism is Associated with Intellectual Disability and Gender: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis, Biological Psychiatry, vol.64, issue.7, pp.577-582, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.030

F. Cloarec, Bîmaristans, lieux de folie et de sagesse La folie et ses traitements dans les hôpitaux au moyen orient; l'Harmattan, 1998.

A. Bullinger, Le Concept D'instrumentation: Son intérêt pour L'approche des Différents Déficits In Collection «Croissance de l'Enfant, Génèse de l'Homme», 1991.

S. Tordjman, S. Kermarrec, D. Cohen, A. C. Rolland, L. Gicquel et al., MELADOSE: Study of the dose-response relationship for melatonin in infantile autism
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01220646