A. De-matos, R. Serra, and J. , Taxonomic polymorphism and intrinsic factors in Helix aspersa, Brotéria-Genética, vol.5, pp.181-220, 1984.

S. Aubry, C. Labaune, F. Magnin, P. Roche, and L. Kiss, Active and passive dispersal of an invading land snail in Mediterranean France, Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.24, issue.3, pp.802-813, 2006.
DOI : 10.1071/ZO9690495

J. Baeza, Male mating opportunities affect sex allocation in a protrandric-simultaneous hermaphroditic shrimp, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, vol.359, issue.Spec. No. 2, pp.365-370, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00265-006-0265-2

M. Baguette, V. Dyck, and H. , Landscape connectivity and animal behavior: functional grain as a key determinant for dispersal, Landscape Ecology, vol.80, issue.8, pp.1117-1129, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s10980-007-9108-4

S. Bailey, The seasonal and daily patterns of locomotor activity in the snail Helix aspersa Müller, and their relation to environmental variables, J Mollus Stud, vol.41, pp.415-428, 1975.

S. Bailey, Daily cycles of feeding and locomotion in Helix aspersa, Haliotis, vol.19, pp.23-31, 1989.

G. Barker, The biology of terrestrial molluscs Gastropods on land: phylogeny, diversity and adaptive morphology The biology of terrestrial molluscs, Wallingford Barker GM, pp.1-146, 2001.

G. Barker, Molluscs as crop pests, 2002.
DOI : 10.1079/9780851993201.0000

G. Barker, Natural enemies of terrestrial molluscs R package MuMIn : model selection and model averaging based on information criteria (AIC c and alike), 2004.

D. Bates, M. Maechler, and B. Bolker, R package lme4: linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes, 2011.

B. Baur, Egg cannibalism in hatchlings of the land snail Helix pomatia: nutritional advantage may outweigh lack of kin recognition, Malacol Rev, vol.23, pp.103-105, 1990.

B. Baur, Population structure, density, dispersal and neighbourhood size in Arianta arbustorum, Ann Naturhist Mus Wien, vol.9495, pp.307-321, 1993.

B. Baur and A. Baur, Random Mating with Respect to Relatedness in the Simultaneously Hermaphroditic Land Snail Arianta arbustorum, Invertebrate Biology, vol.116, issue.4, p.294, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/3226861

M. Benard and S. Mccauley, Integrating across life?history stages: consequences of natal habitat effects on dispersal, Am Nat, vol.171, pp.553-567, 2008.

E. Bitume, D. Bonte, O. Ronce, F. Bach, E. Flaven et al., Density and genetic relatedness increase dispersal distance in a subsocial organism, Ecology Letters, vol.27, issue.4, pp.430-437, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/ele.12057

D. Bonte, V. Dyck, H. Bullock, J. Coulon, A. Delgado et al., Costs of dispersal, Biological Reviews, vol.108, issue.2, pp.290-312, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00201.x

D. Bowler and T. Benton, Causes and consequences of animal dispersal strategies: relating individual behaviour to spatial dynamics, Biological Reviews, vol.4, issue.2, pp.205-225, 2005.
DOI : 10.2307/177035

D. Bowler and T. Benton, Variation in dispersal mortality and dispersal propensity among individuals: the effects of age, sex and resource availability, Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.42, issue.6, pp.1234-1241, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01580.x

J. Bride and L. Gomot, Asynchronisme du d??veloppement du tractus g??nital de l'escargot Helix aspersa pendant la croissance et la reproduction, Reproduction Nutrition D??veloppement, vol.31, issue.1, pp.81-96, 1991.
DOI : 10.1051/rnd:19910108

K. Burnham and D. Anderson, Model selection and multi-model inference: a practical information-theoretic approach, 2002.

J. Clobert, M. Baguette, T. Benton, and J. Bullock, Dispersal ecology and evolution, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608898.001.0001

A. Cook, Behavioural ecology: on doing the right thing, in the right place at the right time The biology of terrestrial molluscs, pp.447-488, 2001.

C. Costello, S. Creel, S. Kalinowski, N. Vu, and H. Quigley, Sex-biased natal dispersal and inbreeding avoidance in American black bears as revealed by spatial genetic analyses, Molecular Ecology, vol.74, issue.21, pp.4713-4723, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03930.x

R. Cowie, Snails and slugs, Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions, pp.634-643, 2011.

S. Dale, Female-biased dispersal, low female recruitment, unpaired males, and the extinction of small and isolated bird populations, Oikos, vol.92, issue.2, pp.344-356, 2001.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.920217.x

N. Dan, Studies on the growth and ecology of Helix aspersa Müller, 1978.

N. Dan and S. Bailey, Growth, mortality, and feeding rates of the snail Helix aspersa at different population densities in the laboratory, and the depression of activity of helicid snails by other individuals, or their mucus, J Mollus Stud, vol.48, pp.257-265, 1982.

E. Danchin and C. E. , Can non-breeding be a cost of breeding dispersal?, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, vol.51, issue.2, pp.153-163, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00265-001-0423-5

L. Debeffe, N. Morellet, B. Cargnelutti, B. Lourtet, R. Bon et al., Condition-dependent natal dispersal in a large herbivore: heavier animals show a greater propensity to disperse and travel further, Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.70, issue.6, pp.1327-1337
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02014.x

T. Delattre, Influence de la structure du paysage et des conditions météorologiques sur le comportement de dispersion de Maniola jurtina (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae, L.) dans un agroécosystème bocager, 2010.

M. Denny, Locomotion: The Cost of Gastropod Crawling, Science, vol.208, issue.4449, pp.1288-1290, 1980.
DOI : 10.1126/science.208.4449.1288

N. Dörge, C. Walther, B. Beinlich, and H. Plachter, The significance of passive transport for dispersal in terrestrial snails (Gastropoda, Pulmonata), Z Ökologie u Naturschutz, vol.8, pp.1-10, 1999.

R. Fearnley, Sexual selection, dispersal and reproductive behaviour in hermaphrodite land snails, with particular reference to Helix aspersa M ller (Pulmonata: Gastropoda), 1993.

O. González, P. Camargo, G. Membiela, M. Frezza, D. Bartoloni et al., Effect of population density on snail productivity (Helix aspersa) in an open sky system fed with Swiss chard and a balanced food supplement, Cien Inv Agr, vol.35, pp.251-257, 2008.

P. Guerra, Evaluating the life-history trade-off between dispersal capability and reproduction in wing dimorphic insects: a meta-analysis, Biological Reviews, vol.52, issue.4, pp.813-835, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00172.x

A. Guiller, M. Martin, C. Hiraux, and L. Madec, Tracing the Invasion of the Mediterranean Land Snail Cornu aspersum aspersum Becoming an Agricultural and Garden Pest in Areas Recently Introduced, PLoS ONE, vol.69, issue.12, p.49674, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0049674.s002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00779854

J. Clobert, M. Baguette, T. Benton, and J. Bullock, Dispersal ecology and evolution, pp.290-303
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608898.001.0001

K. Haynes and J. Cronin, Interpatch movement and edge effects: the role of behavioral responses to the landscape matrix, Oikos, vol.80, issue.1, pp.43-54, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.13977.x

P. Henry and P. Jarne, Marking hard-shelled gastropods: tag loss, impact on life-history traits, and perspectives in biology, Invertebrate Biology, vol.93, issue.2, pp.138-153, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/376889

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00187140

A. Honek and Z. Martinkova, Body size and the colonisation of cereal crops by the invasive slug Arion lusitanicus, Annals of Applied Biology, vol.21, issue.1, pp.79-86, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2010.00442.x

J. Iglesias and J. Castillejo, FIELD OBSERVATIONS ON FEEDING OF THE LAND SNAIL HELIX ASPERSA MULLER, Journal Molluscan Studies, vol.65, issue.4, pp.411-423, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/mollus/65.4.411

R. Ims and D. Hjermann, Condition-dependent dispersal, pp.203-216, 2001.

D. Klein-rollais, Contribution à l'étude de la balance hydrique et de sa régulation chez l'escargot Petit-Gris, Helix aspersa Müller (Mollusque Gastéropode Pulmoné), 1993.

I. Saccheri and P. Brakefield, Rapid spread of immigrant genomes into inbred populations, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.269, issue.1495, pp.1073-1078, 2002.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2002.1963

B. Saether, S. Engen, and R. Lande, Finite metapopulation models with density-dependent migration and stochastic local dynamics, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.266, issue.1415, pp.113-118, 1999.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.1999.0610

R. Schooley and J. Wiens, Movements of cactus bugs: Patch transfers, matrix resistance, and edge permeability, Landscape Ecology, vol.134, issue.7, pp.801-810, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s10980-005-0093-2

J. Starrfelt, H. Kokko, J. Clobert, M. Baguette, and T. Benton, The theory of dispersal under multiple influences, Dispersal ecology and evolution, pp.19-28, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608898.003.0002

L. Stratton, The non-marine Mollusca of the Parish of Dale, Field Studies, vol.2, pp.41-52, 1964.

K. Tomiyama and M. Nakane, (F??RUSSAC) (STYLOMMATOPHORA: ACHATINIDAE), EQUIPPED WITH A RADIO-TRANSMITTER, Journal of Molluscan Studies, vol.59, issue.3, pp.315-322, 1993.
DOI : 10.1093/mollus/59.3.315

M. Tuda and K. Shima, Relative importance of weather and density dependence on the dispersal and on-plant activity of the predator Orius minutus, Population Ecology, vol.44, issue.3, pp.251-0257, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s101440200028

P. Turchin, Quantitative analysis of movement: measuring and modeling population redistribution in animals and plants, 1998.