Incomplete penetrance and phenotypic variability of 6q16 deletions including SIM1.
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Laïla El Khattabi
- Function : Author
Hélène Dessuant
- Function : Author
Séverine Drunat
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 761936
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1744-3206
Céline Dupont
- Function : Author
Laurence Faivre
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 757929
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9770-444X
Hubert Journel
- Function : Author
Nathalie Marle
- Function : Author
Orazio Palumbo
- Function : Author
Aimé Ravel
- Function : Author
Mylène Valduga
- Function : Author
Marie Vermelle
- Function : Author
Jean-Michel Dupont
- Function : Author
Alain Verloes
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 757590
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4819-0264
Andrée Delahaye
- Function : Author
Abstract
6q16 deletions have been described in patients with a Prader-Willi-like (PWS-like) phenotype. Recent studies have shown that certain rare single-minded 1 (SIM1) loss-of-function variants were associated with a high intra-familial risk for obesity with or without features of PWS-like syndrome. Although SIM1 seems to have a key role in the phenotype of patients carrying 6q16 deletions, some data support a contribution of other genes, such as GRIK2, to explain associated behavioural problems. We describe 15 new patients in whom de novo 6q16 deletions were characterised by comparative genomic hybridisation or single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis, including the first patient with fetopathological data. This fetus showed dysmorphic facial features, cerebellar and cerebral migration defects with neuronal heterotopias, and fusion of brain nuclei. The size of the deletion in the 14 living patients ranged from 1.73 to 7.84 Mb, and the fetus had the largest deletion (14 Mb). Genotype-phenotype correlations confirmed the major role for SIM1 haploinsufficiency in obesity and the PWS-like phenotype. Nevertheless, only 8 of 13 patients with SIM1 deletion exhibited obesity, in agreement with incomplete penetrance of SIM1 haploinsufficiency. This study in the largest series reported to date confirms that the PWS-like phenotype is strongly linked to 6q16.2q16.3 deletions and varies considerably in its clinical expression. The possible involvement of other genes in the 6q16.2q16.3-deletion phenotype is discussed.