B. Chen and H. Kan, Air pollution and population health: a global challenge, Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, vol.360, issue.24, pp.94-101, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s12199-007-0018-5
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2698272

C. Ren and S. Tong, Health effects of ambient air pollution ??? recent research development and contemporary methodological challenges, Environmental Health, vol.31, issue.suppl 3, p.18990231, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/1099-0496(200102)31:2<106::AID-PPUL1017>3.0.CO;2-M

E. Samoli, E. Aga, G. Touloumi, K. Nisiotis, B. Forsberg et al., Short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide on mortality: an analysis within the APHEA project, European Respiratory Journal, vol.27, issue.6, pp.1129-1167, 2006.
DOI : 10.1183/09031936.06.00143905

K. Coull, B. Zanobetti, A. Koutrakis, P. Schwartz, and J. , Acute and Chronic Effects of Particles on Hospital Admissions in New-England, PLoS ONE, vol.2012, issue.74, p.22529923

E. Samoli, R. Peng, T. Ramsay, M. Pipikou, G. Touloumi et al., Acute Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter on Mortality in Europe and North America: Results from the APHENA Study, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.116, issue.11, pp.1480-1486, 2008.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.11345

A. Zanobetti, J. Schwartz, E. Samoli, A. Gryparis, G. Touloumi et al., The Temporal Pattern of Mortality Responses to Air Pollution: A Multicity Assessment of Mortality Displacement, Epidemiology, vol.13, issue.1, pp.87-93, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00001648-200201000-00014

J. Schwartz, Is there harvesting in the association of airborne particles with daily deaths and hospital admissions? Epidemiology, pp.55-61, 2001.

Q. Sun, X. Hong, and L. Wold, Cardiovascular Effects of Ambient Particulate Air Pollution Exposure, Circulation, vol.121, issue.25, pp.2755-2765, 2010.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.893461

A. Zanobetti, M. Canner, P. Stone, J. Schwartz, D. Sher et al., Ambient Pollution and Blood Pressure in Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients, Circulation, vol.110, issue.15, pp.2184-2189, 2004.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.0000143831.33243.D8

H. Anderson, R. Atkinson, S. Bremner, and L. Marston, Particulate air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiorespiratory diseases: are the elderly at greater risk?, European Respiratory Journal, vol.21, issue.Supplement 40, pp.39-46, 2003.
DOI : 10.1183/09031936.03.00402203

M. Bell, A. Zanobetti, and F. Dominici, Evidence on Vulnerability and Susceptibility to Health Risks Associated With Short-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.178, issue.6, pp.865-876, 2013.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwt090

S. Deguen and D. Zmirou-navier, Social inequalities resulting from health risks related to ambient air quality--A European review, The European Journal of Public Health, vol.20, issue.1, pp.27-35, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/eurpub/ckp220
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00657825

B. Wojtyniak, D. Rabczenko, and J. Stokwiszewski, Does air pollution have respect for socio-economic status of people? [Abstract], Epidemiology, vol.12, p.64, 2001.

L. Filleul, V. Rondeau, A. Cantagrel, J. Dartigues, and J. Tessier, Do Subject Characteristics Modify the Effects of Particulate Air Pollution on Daily Mortality Among the Elderly?, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.46, issue.11, pp.461115-461137, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/01.jom.0000144998.82543.9d
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00138542

M. Jerrett, R. Burnett, J. Brook, P. Kanaroglou, C. Giovis et al., Do socioeconomic characteristics modify the short term association between air pollution and mortality? Evidence from a zonal time series in Hamilton, Canada, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol.58, issue.1, pp.31-40, 2004.
DOI : 10.1136/jech.58.1.31

F. Forastiere, M. Stafoggia, C. Tasco, S. Picciotto, N. Agabiti et al., Socioeconomic status, particulate air pollution, and daily mortality: Differential exposure or differential susceptibility, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol.59, issue.3, pp.208-224, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/ajim.20368

C. Ou, A. Hedley, R. Chung, T. Thach, Y. Chau et al., Socioeconomic disparities in air pollution-associated mortality, Environmental Research, vol.107, issue.2, pp.237-281, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.envres.2008.02.002

T. Bateson and J. Schwartz, Who is Sensitive to the Effects of Particulate Air Pollution on Mortality?, Epidemiology, vol.15, issue.2, pp.143-152, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/01.ede.0000112210.68754.fa

A. Zeka, A. Zanobetti, and J. Schwartz, Individual-Level Modifiers of the Effects of Particulate Matter on Daily Mortality, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.163, issue.9, pp.849-59, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwj116

C. Wong, C. Ou, K. Chan, Y. Chau, T. Thach et al., The Effects of Air Pollution on Mortality in Socially Deprived Urban Areas in Hong Kong, China, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.116, issue.9, pp.1189-94, 2008.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.10850

M. Chiusolo, E. Cadum, M. Stafoggia, C. Galassi, G. Berti et al., Short-Term Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide on Mortality and Susceptibility Factors in 10 Italian Cities: The EpiAir Study, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.119, issue.9, pp.1233-1238, 2011.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.1002904

F. Meslé and J. Vallin, Reconstructing Long-Term Series of Causes of Death, Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, vol.1, issue.2, pp.72-87, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/1532836

S. Vardoulakis, B. Fisher, K. Pericleous, and N. Gonzalez-flesca, Modelling air quality in street canyons: a review, Atmospheric Environment, vol.37, issue.2, pp.155-182, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00857-9
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ineris-00961872

B. Lalloué, J. Monnez, C. Padilla, W. Kihal, L. Meur et al., A statistical procedure to create a neighbourhood socioeconomic index for health inequalities analysis, Int J Equity Health, vol.2013, p.23537275

T. Bateson and J. Schwartz, Selection Bias and Confounding in Case-Crossover Analyses of Environmental Time-Series Data, Epidemiology, vol.12, issue.6, pp.654-61, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00001648-200111000-00013

B. Chardon, S. Host, G. Pedrono, and I. Gremy, Contribution of case-crossover design to the analysis of shortterm health effects of air pollution: Reanalysis of air pollution and health data. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, Feb, vol.56, issue.1, pp.31-40, 2008.

S. Danet, F. Richard, M. Montaye, S. Beauchant, B. Lemaire et al., Unhealthy Effects of Atmospheric Temperature and Pressure on the Occurrence of Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Deaths : A 10-Year Survey: The Lille-World Health Organization MONICA Project (Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease), Circulation, vol.100, issue.1, pp.1-7, 1999.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.100.1.e1

J. Montero, I. Mirón, J. Criado-Álvarez, C. Linares, and J. Díaz, Influence of local factors in the relationship between mortality and heat waves, Sci Total Environ, vol.2012, issue.414, pp.73-80, 1975.

S. Hajat, B. Armstrong, N. Gouveia, and P. Wilkinson, COMPARISON OF MORTALITY DISPLACEMENT OF HEAT-RELATED DEATHS IN DELHI, SAO PAULO AND LONDON, Epidemiology, vol.15, issue.4, pp.613-633, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/00001648-200407000-00235

M. Maclure, The Case-Crossover Design: A Method for Studying Transient Effects on the Risk of Acute Events, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.133, issue.2, pp.144-53, 1991.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115853

H. Janes, L. Sheppard, and T. Lumley, Case???Crossover Analyses of Air Pollution Exposure Data, Epidemiology, vol.16, issue.6, pp.717-743, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.ede.0000181315.18836.9d

S. Breitner, K. Wolf, R. Devlin, D. Diaz-sanchez, A. Peters et al., Short-term effects of air temperature on mortality and effect modification by air pollution in three cities of Bavaria, Germany: A time-series analysis, Science of The Total Environment, vol.485, issue.486, pp.485-48649, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.048

M. Goldberg, A. Gasparrini, B. Armstrong, and M. Valois, The short-term influence of temperature on daily mortality in the temperate climate of Montreal, Canada. Environ Research, pp.853-60, 2011.

O. Deschenes, Temperature, human health, and adaptation: A review of the empirical literature, National Bureau of Economic Research

J. Lepeule, V. Rondeau, L. Filleul, and J. Dartigues, Survival Analysis to Estimate Association between Short-Term Mortality and Air Pollution, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.114, issue.2, pp.242-249, 2006.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.8311
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00138548

P. Brochu, J. Yanosky, C. Paciorek, J. Schwartz, J. Chen et al., Particulate Air Pollution and Socioeconomic Position in Rural and Urban Areas of the Northeastern United States, American Journal of Public Health, vol.101, issue.S1, pp.224-254
DOI : 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300232

H. Kruize, P. Driessen, P. Glasbergen, and K. Van-egmond, Environmental Equity and the Role of Public Policy: Experiences in the Rijnmond Region, Environmental Management, vol.13, issue.4, pp.578-95, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00267-005-0378-9

H. Mcleod, I. Langford, A. Jones, J. Stedman, R. Day et al., The relationship between socio-economic indicators and air pollution in England and Wales: implications for environmental justice, Regional Environmental Change, vol.1, issue.2, pp.18-85, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/PL00011536

C. Padilla, W. Kihal, V. Vieira, P. Rosselo, L. Nir et al., Air quality and social deprivation in four French metropolitan areas? A spatio-temporal environmental inequality analysis conducted at a small geographical level, Environ. Research, vol.34, pp.315-324, 2014.

G. Adamkiewicz, A. Zota, M. Fabian, T. Chahine, R. Julien et al., Moving Environmental Justice Indoors: Understanding Structural Influences on Residential Exposure Patterns in Low-Income Communities, American Journal of Public Health, vol.101, issue.S1, pp.238-283
DOI : 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300119

B. Clarisse, L. Nikasinovic, R. Poinsard, J. Just, and I. Momas, The Paris prospective birth cohort study: Which design and who participates?, European Journal of Epidemiology, vol.160, issue.suppl 15, pp.203-210, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s10654-007-9109-2

S. Hoibian, Les catégories défavorisées, de plus en plus sur le bord de la route des vacances. Crédoc, Note de synthèse N 4, 2012.

I. Niedhammer, J. Chastang, S. David, and C. Kelleher, The contribution of occupational factors to social inequalities in health: Findings from the national French SUMER survey, Social Science & Medicine, vol.67, issue.11, pp.1870-81, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.09.007

. Kloog, B. Coull, A. Zanobetti, P. Koutrakis, and J. Schwartz, Acute and Chronic Effects of Particles on Hospital Admissions in New-England, PLoSONE, vol.2012, issue.74

N. Krieger, J. Chen, P. Waterman, M. Soobader, S. Subramanian et al., Choosing area based socioeconomic measures to monitor social inequalities in low birth weight and childhood lead poisoning: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project (US), Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol.57, issue.3, pp.186-99, 2003.
DOI : 10.1136/jech.57.3.186

A. Zanobetti and J. Schwartz, Race, Gender, and Social Status as Modifiers of the Effects of PM10 on Mortality, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.42, issue.5, pp.469-74, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00043764-200005000-00002