consultant fees from the company Daiichi Sankyo. E. D.: honoraria from the companies Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, BMS and General Electric Healthcare; grant from the company General Electric Healthcare. M. G.: honoraria as an expert board member or speaker from the companies Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, BMS/Pfizer Alliance and Daiichi Sankyo. A. H.: research grants from the companies Gilead Science , Genzyme and Sanofi-Aventis; consultant and lecture fees from the companies AstraZeneca: research grants from the companies Medtronic, Boston Scientific and St. Jude Medical; consultant and lecture fees from the companies Bayer Pharma, consultant and lecture fees from the companies Bayer Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo and Sorin. P. J.: honoraria from the companies Daiichi Sankyo Jude Medical and Biotronik. R. S.: consultant and lecture fees from the companies AstraZeneca and Terumo. J.-N. T.: research grant from the companies Corvia Medical and Carmat; lecture fees from the companies Daiichi Sankyo and Novartis. A. C.: research grant from the company RESICARD (research nurses); consultant and lecture fees from the companies Bayer Pharma ,
2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure, European Journal of Heart Failure, vol.37, issue.8, pp.2129-200, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.12.015
Clinical epidemiology of heart failure, Heart, vol.93, issue.9, pp.1137-1183, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1136/hrt.2003.025270
Prevalence of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in the general population; The Rotterdam Study, European Heart Journal, vol.20, issue.6, pp.447-55, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1053/euhj.1998.1239
Burden of Systolic and Diastolic Ventricular Dysfunction in the Community, JAMA, vol.289, issue.2, pp.194-202, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1001/jama.289.2.194
Prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a 5 year prospective population-based study, European Heart Journal, vol.29, issue.3, pp.339-386, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm554
2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, Circulation, vol.128, issue.16, pp.1810-52, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829e8807
Chronic Heart Failure and Ischemic Stroke, Stroke, vol.42, issue.10, pp.2977-82, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.628479
Thromboembolism in heart failure, old ideas and new challenges, European Journal of Heart Failure, vol.353, issue.6 Suppl, pp.265-274, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)11181-9
Heart failure and the risk of stroke: the Rotterdam Study, European Journal of Epidemiology, vol.12, issue.11, pp.807-819, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.28.4.768
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00639393
The Incidence of Ischemic Stroke in Chronic Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis, Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol.13, issue.6, pp.489-96, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.01.009
-VASc Score in Predicting Ischemic Stroke, Thromboembolism, and Death in Patients With Heart Failure With and Without Atrial Fibrillation, JAMA, vol.314, issue.10, pp.1030-1038, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2015.10725
Venous Thromboembolism in Heart Failure: Preventable Deaths During and After Hospitalization, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.124, issue.3, pp.252-261, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.10.014
Symptoms and clinical relevance: a dilemma for clinical trials on prevention of venous thromboembolism, Thromb Haemost, vol.109, pp.585-593, 2013. ,
Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: European perspective, Clinical Epidemiology, vol.6, pp.213-233, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.2147/CLEP.S47385
URL : https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=20440
Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.271, issue.11, pp.840-844, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1001/jama.271.11.840
Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and rationale for therapy, The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.91, issue.6, pp.2-8, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9149(02)03373-8
Temporal Relations of Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure and Their Joint Influence on Mortality: The Framingham Heart Study, Circulation, vol.107, issue.23, pp.2920-2925, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.0000072767.89944.6E
URL : http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/circulationaha/107/23/2920.full.pdf
Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in France: Extrapolation of international epidemiological data to France and analysis of French hospitalization data, Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases, vol.104, issue.2, pp.115-139, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.acvd.2010.11.012
Current aspects of the spectrum of acute heart failure syndromes in a real-life setting: the OFICA study, European Journal of Heart Failure, vol.100, issue.4, pp.465-76, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.100.3.280
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00880093
Anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure, Current Opinion in Cardiology, vol.31, issue.2, pp.229-263, 2016. ,
DOI : 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000245
The Impact of Heart Failure and Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Predicting Stroke, Thromboembolism, and Mortality in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: A Systematic Review, Clinical Therapeutics, vol.36, issue.9, pp.1135-1179, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.07.015
Incidence of paroxysmal atrial tachycardias in patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy and continuously monitored by device diagnostics, Europace, vol.17, issue.8, pp.71-78, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2006.00482.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00909986
Atrial fibrillation is under-recognized in chronic heart failure: insights from a heart failure cohort treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy, Europace, vol.15, issue.1, pp.1295-300, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1007/s10840-006-7622-y
Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Worsens Heart Rate Variability, Activity and Heart Rate, as Shown by a Continuous Monitoring by Implantable Biventricular Pacemakers in Heart Failure Patients, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.15, issue.7, pp.693-701, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.98.23.2574
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Is More Prevalent than Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Patients, Cerebrovascular Diseases, vol.32, issue.3, pp.276-82, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1159/000330348
Device-detected atrial fibrillation and risk for stroke: an analysis of >10 000 patients from the SOS AF project (Stroke preventiOn Strategies based on Atrial Fibrillation information from implanted devices), European Heart Journal, vol.27, issue.8, pp.508-524, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1007/s10654-012-9673-y
The New Oral Anticoagulants in Clinical Practice, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol.88, issue.5, pp.495-511, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.03.006
Factors Affecting Quality of Anticoagulation Control Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation on Warfarin, Chest, vol.144, issue.5, pp.1555-63, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1378/chest.13-0054
Changes in Warfarin Sensitivity During Decompensated Heart Failure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Annals of Pharmacotherapy, vol.118, issue.9, pp.962-970, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa1007432
Factors affecting bleeding risk during anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: Observations from the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study, American Heart Journal, vol.149, issue.4, pp.650-656, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.11.015
Dabigatran versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.361, issue.12, pp.1139-51, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa0905561
Edoxaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.369, issue.22, pp.2093-104, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa1310907
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00934699
Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.365, issue.11, pp.981-92, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa1107039
Rivaroxaban versus Warfarin in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.365, issue.10, pp.883-91, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa1009638
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01038111
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials, The Lancet, vol.383, issue.9921, pp.955-62, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62343-0
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00935589
2012 Focused Update of the ESC Guidelines for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation, Revista Espa??ola de Cardiolog??a (English Edition), vol.66, issue.1, pp.2719-2766, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.rec.2012.11.003
The association between congestive heart failure and chronic renal disease, Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, vol.13, issue.2, pp.163-70, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00041552-200403000-00004
Anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation patients with chronic kidney disease, Nature Reviews Nephrology, vol.121, issue.10, pp.569-78, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1053/ajkd.2002.32765
Dabigatran compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and symptomatic heart failure: a subgroup analysis of the RE-LY trial, European Journal of Heart Failure, vol.87, issue.9, pp.1053-61, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.0000085166.44904.79
Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction, Heart Failure, and the Risk of Stroke and Systemic Embolism in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the ARISTOTLE Trial, Circulation: Heart Failure, vol.6, issue.3, pp.451-60, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.000143
Efficacy and safety of edoxaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure: insights from ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48, European Journal of Heart Failure, vol.6, issue.9, p.12680, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.000143
Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban in Patients With Heart Failure and Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From ROCKET AF, Circulation: Heart Failure, vol.6, issue.4, pp.740-747, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000212
Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation and heart failure: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials, European Journal of Heart Failure, vol.79, issue.11, pp.1192-200, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1253/circj.CJ-14-1042
What is the appropriate approach to prevention of thromboembolism in heart failure?, Thromb Haemost, vol.103, pp.489-95, 2010. ,
Is thrombosis a contributor to heart failure pathophysiology? Possible mechanisms, therapeutic opportunities, and clinical investigation challenges, International Journal of Cardiology, vol.167, issue.5, pp.1772-82, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.12.018
Warfarin and Aspirin in Patients with Heart Failure and Sinus Rhythm, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.366, issue.20, pp.1859-69, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa1202299
URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3723382?pdf=render
Randomized Trial of Warfarin, Aspirin, and Clopidogrel in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: The Warfarin and Antiplatelet Therapy in Chronic Heart Failure (WATCH) Trial, Circulation, vol.119, issue.12, pp.1616-1640, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.801753
Efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in chronic heart failure: The HELAS study, European Journal of Heart Failure, vol.31, issue.7, pp.428-460, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00006-0
The Warfarin/Aspirin study in heart failure (WASH): a randomized trial comparing antithrombotic strategies for patients with heart failure, American Heart Journal, vol.148, issue.1, pp.157-64, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.03.010
Rationale and design of a randomized, double-blind, event-driven, multicentre study comparing the efficacy and safety of oral rivaroxaban with placebo for reducing the risk of death, myocardial infarction or stroke in subjects with heart failure and signi, European Journal of Heart Failure, vol.105, issue.7, pp.735-777, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.acvd.2011.10.007
, Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des produits de santé Prévention et traitement de la maladie thromboembolique veineuse en médecineAvailable at: http://ansm.sante. fr/var/ansm site/storage/original/application, 2009.
Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism with New Oral Anticoagulants versus Standard Pharmacological Treatment in Acute Medically Ill Patients, Drugs, vol.50, issue.6, pp.1755-64, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0895-4356(97)00049-8
Predicting the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure, Circulation, vol.130, issue.5, pp.410-418, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003126
Thrombotic Complications in Heart Failure: An Underappreciated Challenge, Circulation, vol.130, issue.5, pp.387-396, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011353
URL : http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/circulationaha/130/5/387.full.pdf