N. Jr, R. Dinicolo, R. Fernandez-caldas, E. Seleznick, M. Lockey et al., Allergen-specific IgE levels and mite allergen exposure in children with acute asthma first seen in an emergency department and in nonasthmatic control subjects, J Allergy Clin Immunol, vol.98, pp.258-63, 1996.

P. Salo, A. Calatroni, P. Gergen, J. Hoppin, M. Sever et al., Allergy-related outcomes in relation to serum IgE: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005.

, J Allergy Clin Immunol, vol.127, pp.1226-1261, 2011.

I. Terreehorst, A. Oosting, Z. Tempels-pavlica, J. De-monchy, C. Bruijnzeel-koomen et al., Prevalence and severity of allergic rhinitis in house dust mite-allergic patients with bronchial asthma or atopic dermatitis, Clinical <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Experimental Allergy, vol.38, issue.1, pp.1160-1165, 2002.
DOI : 10.1164/ajrccm.161.6.9906121

T. To, L. Feldman, J. Simatovic, A. Gershon, S. Dell et al., Health risk of air pollution on people living with major chronic diseases: a Canadian population-based study, BMJ Open, vol.55, issue.9, p.9075, 2015.
DOI : 10.1136/oem.55.10.651

T. To, J. Zhu, K. Larsen, J. Simatovic, L. Feldman et al., Progression from Asthma to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Is Air Pollution a Risk Factor?, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.63, issue.4, pp.429-467, 2016.
DOI : 10.1136/oem.55.10.651

R. Bauer, D. Diaz-sanchez, and I. Jaspers, Effects of air pollutants on innate immunity: The role of Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain???like receptors, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.129, issue.1, pp.14-24, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.11.004

L. Gregory and C. Lloyd, Orchestrating house dust mite-associated allergy in the lung, Trends in Immunology, vol.32, issue.9, pp.402-413, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.it.2011.06.006

D. Lam, N. Ng, S. Lee, G. Batzer, and A. Horner, Airway House Dust Extract Exposures Modify Allergen-Induced Airway Hypersensitivity Responses by TLR4-Dependent and Independent Pathways, The Journal of Immunology, vol.181, issue.4, pp.2925-2957, 2008.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.181.4.2925

M. Minnicozzi, R. Sawyer, and M. Fenton, Innate immunity in allergic disease, Immunological Reviews, vol.129, issue.Suppl, pp.106-133, 2011.
DOI : 10.1378/chest.129.6.1673

P. Barnes, The cytokine network in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.118, issue.11, pp.3546-56, 2008.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI36130

K. Hosoki, T. Itazawa, I. Boldogh, and S. Sur, Neutrophil recruitment by allergens contribute to allergic sensitization and allergic inflammation, Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.16, issue.1, pp.45-50, 2016.
DOI : 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000231

M. Bosmann, J. Grailer, K. Zhu, M. Matthay, J. Sarma et al., adrenergic receptor agonists in experimental acute lung injury, The FASEB Journal, vol.269, issue.5, pp.2137-2181, 2012.
DOI : 10.1378/chest.08-2346

N. Maris, K. Van-der-sluijs, S. Florquin, A. De-vos, J. Pater et al., -receptor agonist, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation in mice, American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, vol.286, issue.6, pp.1122-1130, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/00024382-200014010-00011

E. Wex, I. Kollak, M. Duechs, E. Naline, L. Wollin et al., The long-acting beta2 -adrenoceptor agonist olodaterol attenuates pulmonary inflammation

, Br J Pharmacol, vol.172, pp.3537-3584, 2015.

N. Maris, A. De-vos, M. Dessing, C. Spek, R. Lutter et al., Antiinflammatory Effects of Salmeterol after Inhalation of Lipopolysaccharide by Healthy Volunteers, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.172, issue.7, pp.878-84, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s000110050751

T. Ikeda, A. Anisuzzaman, H. Yoshiki, M. Sasaki, T. Koshiji et al., Regional quantification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and ??-adrenoceptors in human airways, British Journal of Pharmacology, vol.14, issue.1, pp.1804-1818, 2012.
DOI : 10.1006/pupt.2001.0313

D. Spina, P. Rigby, J. Paterson, and R. Goldie, Autoradiographic Localization of Beta-Adrenoceptors in Asthmatic Human Lung, American Review of Respiratory Disease, vol.2, issue.5, pp.1410-1415, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0007-0971(79)90082-2

P. Barnes, C. Basbaum, J. Nadel, and J. Roberts, Localization of ??-adrenoreceptors in mammalian lung by light microscopic autoradiography, Nature, vol.25, issue.5882, pp.444-451, 1982.
DOI : 10.1177/15.2.65

J. Carstairs, A. Nimmo, and P. Barnes, Autoradiographic visualization of beta-adrenoceptor subtypes in human lung, Am Rev Respir Dis, vol.132, pp.541-548, 1985.

P. Barnes, Effect of ?? agonists on inflammatory cells?????????, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.104, issue.2, pp.10-17, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70269-1

P. Hjemdahl, K. Larsson, M. Johansson, A. Zetterlund, and A. Eklund, Betaadrenoceptors in human alveolar macrophages isolated by elutriation

, Br J Clin Pharmacol, vol.30, pp.673-82, 1990.

S. Liggett, -Adrenergic Receptors on Human Alveolar Macrophages, American Review of Respiratory Disease, vol.126, issue.2, pp.552-557, 1989.
DOI : 10.1126/science.694537

R. Anderson, A. Theron, H. Steel, C. Durandt, G. Tintinger et al., The beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists, formoterol and indacaterol, but not salbutamol, effectively suppress the reactivity of human neutrophils in vitro, Mediators Inflamm, vol.2014, p.105420, 2014.

C. Ezeamuzie, P. Shihab, and R. Al-radwan, Loss of surface beta-2 adrenoceptors accounts for the insensitivity of cultured human monocytes to beta-2 adrenoceptor agonists, International Immunopharmacology, vol.11, issue.9, pp.1189-94, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.03.017

C. Li, C. Tsai, S. Chueh, P. Hsu, J. Wang et al., Dobutamine Inhibits Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Production and Chemotaxis in Human Monocytes, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.97, pp.205-214, 2003.
DOI : 10.1213/01.ANE.0000066013.34263.54

C. Li, C. Tsai, P. Hsu, C. Wu, C. Wong et al., Dobutamine modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and interleukin-8 production in human monocytes, Anesth Analg, vol.97, pp.210-215, 2003.

M. Linden, The effects of beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists and a corticosteroid, budesonide, on the secretion of inflammatory mediators from monocytes

, Br J Pharmacol, vol.107, pp.156-60, 1992.

T. Yoshimura, C. Kurita, T. Nagao, E. Usami, T. Nakao et al., Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and lnterleukin-1-Beta Production by Beta-Adrenoceptor Agonists from Lipopolysaccharide- Stimulated Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, Pharmacology, vol.54, issue.3, pp.144-52, 1997.
DOI : 10.1159/000139481

T. Yoshimura, C. Kurita, T. Nagao, E. Usami, T. Nakao et al., Effects of cAMP-Phosphodiesterase Isozyme Inhibitor on Cytokine Production by Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, General Pharmacology: The Vascular System, vol.29, issue.4, pp.633-641, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0306-3623(96)00580-0

L. Donnelly, S. Tudhope, P. Fenwick, and P. Barnes, Effects of formoterol and salmeterol on cytokine release from monocyte-derived macrophages, European Respiratory Journal, vol.36, issue.1, pp.178-86, 2010.
DOI : 10.1183/09031936.00158008

C. Izeboud, M. Monshouwer, A. Van-miert, and R. Witkamp, The ??-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol is a potent inhibitor of the LPS-induced production of TNF-?? and IL-6 in vitro and in vivo, Inflammation Research, vol.48, issue.9, pp.497-502, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s000110050493

H. Sarir, E. Mortaz, K. Karimi, M. Johnson, F. Nijkamp et al., Combination of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol potentiates the suppression of cigarette smoke-induced IL-8 production by macrophages, European Journal of Pharmacology, vol.571, issue.1, pp.55-61, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.05.034

M. Jin, J. Opalek, C. Marsh, and H. Wu, Proteome Comparison of Alveolar Macrophages with Monocytes Reveals Distinct Protein Characteristics, American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, vol.31, issue.3, pp.322-331, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/pmic.200300434

S. Tomechko, K. Lundberg, J. Jarvela, G. Bebek, N. Chesnokov et al., Proteomic and bioinformatics profile of paired human alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes, PROTEOMICS, vol.7, issue.Suppl 1, pp.3797-805, 2015.
DOI : 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v24.i3.20

P. Groot-kormelink, L. Fawcett, P. Wright, M. Gosling, and T. Kent, Quantitative GPCR and ion channel transcriptomics in primary alveolar macrophages and macrophage surrogates, BMC Immunology, vol.13, issue.1, p.57, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03986.x

J. Li, D. Pritchard, X. Wang, D. Park, R. Bumgarner et al., cDNA microarray analysis reveals fundamental differences in the expression profiles of primary human monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and alveolar macrophages, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, vol.3, issue.1, pp.328-363, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/nri978

R. Fuller, O. Malley, G. Baker, A. Macdermot, and J. , Human alveolar macrophage activation: Inhibition by forskolin but not ??-adrenoceptor stimulation or phosphodiesterase inhibition, Pulmonary Pharmacology, vol.1, issue.2, pp.101-107, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/S0952-0600(88)80006-1

A. Baker, J. Palmer, M. Johnson, and R. Fuller, Inhibitory actions of salmeterol on human airway macrophages and blood monocytes, European Journal of Pharmacology, vol.264, issue.3, pp.301-307, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0014-2999(94)00480-3

A. Zetterlund, M. Linden, and K. Larsson, Secretion: Studies of Human Monocytes and Alveolar Macrophages, Journal of Asthma, vol.168, issue.3, pp.565-73, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02718123

A. Zetterlund, P. Hjemdahl, and K. Larsson, ??2-Adrenoceptor desensitization in human alveolar macrophages induced by inhaled terbutaline in vivo is not counteracted by budesonide, Clinical Science, vol.100, issue.4, pp.451-458, 2001.
DOI : 10.1042/cs1000451

S. Gill, Y. Yao, L. Kay, M. Bewley, H. Marriott et al., receptor, British Journal of Pharmacology, vol.63, issue.21, pp.3099-109, 2016.
DOI : 10.1124/pr.110.003517
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-01009668

M. Birrell, S. Maher, B. Dekkak, V. Jones, S. Wong et al.,

, Anti-inflammatory effects of PGE2 in the lung: role of the EP4 receptor subtype, Thorax, vol.70, pp.740-747, 2015.

A. Buenestado, G. Delyle, S. Arnould, I. Besnard, F. Naline et al., The role of adenosine receptors in regulating production of tumour necrosis factor-?? and chemokines by human lung macrophages, British Journal of Pharmacology, vol.84, issue.1, pp.1304-1315, 2010.
DOI : 10.1164/ajrccm.155.3.9117029

A. Buenestado, S. Grassin-delyle, F. Guitard, E. Naline, C. Faisy et al., Roflumilast inhibits the release of chemokines and TNF-?? from human lung macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, British Journal of Pharmacology, vol.84, issue.1, pp.1877-90, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S0306-3623(96)00580-0

S. Gill, H. Marriott, S. Suvarna, and P. Peachell, Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of ??-adrenoceptor agonists on human lung macrophages, European Journal of Pharmacology, vol.793, pp.49-55, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.005

T. Bouyssou, P. Casarosa, E. Naline, S. Pestel, I. Konetzki et al., Pharmacological Characterization of Olodaterol, a Novel Inhaled ??2-Adrenoceptor Agonist Exerting a 24-Hour-Long Duration of Action in Preclinical Models, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, vol.334, issue.1, pp.53-62, 2010.
DOI : 10.1124/jpet.110.167007

E. Naline, A. Trifilieff, R. Fairhurst, C. Advenier, and M. Molimard, Effect of indacaterol, a novel long-acting ??2-agonist, on isolated human bronchi, European Respiratory Journal, vol.29, issue.3, pp.575-81, 2007.
DOI : 10.1183/09031936.00032806

T. Gicquel, T. Victoni, A. Fautrel, S. Robert, F. Gleonnec et al., Involvement of purinergic receptors and NOD-like receptor-family protein 3-inflammasome pathway in the adenosine triphosphate-induced cytokine release from macrophages, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, vol.15, issue.4, pp.279-86, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/S1074-7613(01)00229-1
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01134782

A. Hatzelmann and C. Schudt, Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of the novel PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast in vitro, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, vol.297, pp.267-79, 2001.

K. Livak and T. Schmittgen, Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2???????CT Method, Methods, vol.25, issue.4, pp.402-410, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/meth.2001.1262

F. Bachelerie, A. Ben-baruch, A. Burkhardt, C. Combadiere, J. Farber et al., International Union of Pharmacology. LXXXIX. Update on the Extended Family of Chemokine Receptors and Introducing a New Nomenclature for Atypical Chemokine Receptors, Pharmacological Reviews, vol.66, issue.1, pp.1-79, 2014.
DOI : 10.1124/pr.113.007724

G. Brusselle, G. Joos, and K. Bracke, New insights into the immunology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, The Lancet, vol.378, issue.9795, pp.1015-1041, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60988-4

A. Ravi, S. Khurana, J. Lemon, J. Plumb, G. Booth et al., Increased levels of soluble interleukin-6 receptor and CCL3 in COPD sputum, Respiratory Research, vol.282, issue.13, p.103, 2014.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.C600321200

H. Tsukamoto, K. Fukudome, S. Takao, N. Tsuneyoshi, and M. Kimoto, Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein-mediated Toll-like receptor 4 dimerization enables rapid signal transduction against lipopolysaccharide stimulation on membrane-associated CD14-expressing cells, International Immunology, vol.9, issue.4, pp.271-80, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/ni1569
URL : https://academic.oup.com/intimm/article-pdf/22/4/271/2630721/dxq005.pdf

I. Komuro, N. Keicho, A. Iwamoto, and K. Akagawa, via Their High Basal and Inducible Levels of Catalase Activity, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.93, issue.26, pp.24360-24364, 2001.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI4151

S. Tannheimer, E. Sorensen, A. Haran, C. Mansfield, C. Wright et al., Additive anti-inflammatory effects of beta 2 adrenoceptor agonists or glucocorticosteroid with roflumilast in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol.25, issue.2, pp.178-84, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.01.003

A. Buenestado, M. Chaumais, S. Grassin-delyle, P. Risse, E. Naline et al., Roflumilast Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-?? and Chemokine Production by Human Lung Parenchyma, PLoS ONE, vol.263, issue.9, p.74640, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0074640.t003