Impact of echinocandin on prognosis of proven invasive candidiasis in ICU: a post-hoc causal inference model using the AMARCAND2 study

Sébastien Bailly (1) , Olivier Leroy (2) , Elie Azoulay (3) , Philippe Montravers (4) , Jean-Michel Constantin (5) , Hervé Dupont (6) , Didier Guillemot (7) , Olivier Lortholary (8, 9) , Jean-Paul Mira (10) , Pierre-François Perrigault (11) , Jean-Pierre Gangneux (12) , Jean-Francois Timsit (1, 13)

1 IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137) - Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution
2 Hôpital Chatiliez
3 Medical ICU
4 Service d'anesthésie - réanimation chirurgicale
5 Service d'Anésthésie Réanimation [CHU Clermont-Ferrand]
6 CHU Amiens-Picardie
7 B2PHI - Biostatistique, Biomathématique, Pharmacoépidémiologie et Maladies Infectieuses
8 Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker]
9 CNRMA - Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire
10 Service de médecine d'urgence [CHU Cochin]
11 CHU Montpellier
12 CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]
13 Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard

Objective: guidelines recommend first-line systemic antifungal therapy (SAT) with echinocandins in invasive candidiasis (IC), especially in critically ill patients. This study aimed at assessing the impact of echinocandins compared to azoles as initial SAT on the 28-day prognosis in adult ICU patients. Methods: From the prospective multicenter AmarCAND2 cohort (835 patients), we selected those with documented IC and treated with echinocandins (ECH) or azoles (AZO). The average causal effect of echinocandins on 28-day mortality was assessed using an inverse probability of treatment weight (IPTW) estimator. Results: 397 patients were selected, treated with echinocandins (242 patients, 61%) or azoles (155 patients, 39%); septic shock: 179 patients (45%). The median SAPSII was higher in the ECH group (48 [35; 62] vs. 43 [31; 58], p = 0.01). Crude mortality was 34% (ECH group) vs. 25% (AZO group). After adjustment on baseline confounders, no significant association emerged between initial SAT with echinocandins and 28-day mortality (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: [0.60; 1.49]; p = 0.82). However, echinocandin tended to benefit patients with septic shock (HR: 0.46 [0.19; 1.07]; p = 0.07). Conclusion: Patients who received echinocandins were more severely ill. Echinocandin use was associated with a non-significant 7% decrease of 28-day mortality and a trend to a beneficial effect for patient with septic shock.

Domains: Life Sciences [q-bio]; Human health and pathology; Infectious diseases; Life Sciences [q-bio]; Pharmaceutical sciences; Pharmacology

Sébastien Bailly, Olivier Leroy, Elie Azoulay, Philippe Montravers, Jean-Michel Constantin, et al.. Impact of echinocandin on prognosis of proven invasive candidiasis in ICU: a post-hoc causal inference model using the AMARCAND2 study. Journal of Infection, 2017, 74 (4), pp.408-417. ⟨10.1016/j.jinf.2016.12.016⟩. ⟨hal-01632852⟩