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Chapitre D'ouvrage Année : 2012

Rainfall and Water Quality

Résumé

The consideration of rainfalls impact on water management is not new and started with the history of sanitation. At the beginning of the 20th century sewer networks in urban area were designed both for sewage and for stormwater management. In the 70‘s the impact of urban runoff on water quality was already studied (Pitt et al., 1977) and more recently the question of climate change impacts on water quality was considered with the effect of heavier rainy events. Commonly, categories of rain are defined by their intensity:light , moderate and heavy rain being characterised by the amount of mm of water/hour (respectively 2.5, 2.5 to 7.5, >7.5). According to the duration of a given rainfall, the same intensity can be observed during a short period (shower) or a longer one (storm). Consequences of these precipitations can result in so called extreme rain or flood respectively at local or regional scale. As reported by the 2007 IPCC report, it is likely that the frequency of heavy precipitation events has increased over most areas, particularly in Europe and North America, and that available research suggests a significant future increase in heavy rainfall events in many regions. Such phenomena, increasing in frequency and intensity, may have a strong impact on the quality of the waters. Indeed, resulting changes in flow regimes will influence the chemistry, hydromorphology and ecology of water bodies at the environmental level as well as, in urban area, the wastewater quality, the sewage treatment efficiency and the corresponding pollutants load (Roig et al., 2011). The effect of rainy events can also reach drinking water production system, impairing the quality of the distributed water (Figure 1) This chapter aims to make an overview of the impact of rainfall on water quality, by considering, within the water life cycle, chemical, biological and physico-chemical parameters of water quality.
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Dates et versions

hal-01664965 , version 1 (15-12-2017)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : hal-01664965 , version 1

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Benoit Roig, Estelle Baurès, Aude Valerie Jung, Ianis Delpla, Olivier Thomas. Rainfall and Water Quality . Olga E. Martín and Tricia M. Roberts Eds. Rainfall: Behavior, Forecasting and Distribution, Nova Science Publisher, Inc, pp.91-104, 2012. ⟨hal-01664965⟩
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