Intérêt du chien dans la pathologie comparée et la génétique : exemples de ressources et de programmes partagés [The importance of dogs for comparative pathology and genetics: Examples of shared resources and programmes]
Résumé
This review has been published by the Société centrale canine (SCC) and the Fédération cynologique internationale (FCI) on the occasion of the 3rd International Dog Health Workshop in Paris (April 2017), as a chapter of the book: “Standards, health and genetics in dogs” (Guintard and Leroy, 2017), as a tribute and dedicated to Raymond Triquet and Renée Sporre-Willes, who were the two last presidents of the FCI standard commission and worked for many years for recognition and health of dog breeds. Its reprint was made possible with permission of editors (SCC, FCI) and authors. The authors thought it important to demonstrate the need for collaboration between disciplines: between veterinarians, researchers, doctors, breeders and dog fanciers, in the interest of dogs to ensure better health and better genetic management of breeds in a context in which the emerging genetic tests may prove very useful, but must be used wisely. Working in close collaboration for many years between the CNRS genetic research team in Rennes and Doctors Gilles Chaudieu, Eric Guaguère, Jean-Pierre Genevois and Patrick Devauchelle permit to propose a focus on the state of knowledge and on certain projects led by the Rennes lab in ophthalmology, dermatology, orthopedics and oncology. In dogs, the quest for conformation with the breed standard has resulted in the selection of specific alleles to meet the desired criteria (different aptitudes, morphological and physiological traits). Indeed, dogs, with more than 400 breeds, represent genetic isolates within which individuals belonging to the same breed share the same phenotype and almost the same genotype in order to meet the desired criteria. Unfortunately, this selection has also resulted in the concentration of deleterious alleles, causing genetic diseases in many dog breeds. We will therefore stress the importance of exchange, collaboration, comparison and complementary expertise, in order to use the resources and the genetic methods now available to us, with mutual understanding between actors in veterinary medicine, dog breeding and research. Moreover, we will use selected examples to demonstrate the importance of comparative pathology and genetics in dogs for veterinary and human medicine in order to identify the genetic causes of homologous diseases between humans and dogs, and to eventually improve the screening and treatment of these diseases in the dogs and their owners. © 2017 AFVAC