R. Andersen and J. F. Newman, Societal and Individual Determinants of Medical Care Utilization in the United States, Milbank Q, vol.83, 2005.

A. Becker, H. Held, M. Redaelli, K. Strauch, J. F. Chenot et al., Low Back Pain in Primary Care, Spine, vol.35, issue.18, pp.1714-1734, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181cd656f

D. Bonauto, B. Silverstein, D. Adams, and M. Foley, Prioritizing industries for occupational injury and illness prevention and research, Washington State Workers' compensation claims, 1999.

, J. Occup. Environ. Med. Am. Coll. Occup. Environ. Med, vol.48, pp.840-51

J. I. Brox, Ø. P. Nygaard, I. Holm, A. Keller, T. Ingebrigtsen et al., Four-year follow-up of surgical versus non-surgical therapy for chronic low back pain, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.69, issue.9, pp.1643-1651, 2010.
DOI : 10.1136/ard.2009.108902

A. K. Burton, F. Balagué, G. Cardon, H. R. Eriksen, Y. Henrotin et al., Chapter 2 European guidelines for prevention in low back pain, European Spine Journal, vol.15, issue.S2, pp.136-68, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00586-006-1070-3

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00086743

S. Dagenais, J. Caro, and S. Haldeman, A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally, The Spine Journal, vol.8, issue.1, pp.8-20, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.spinee.2007.10.005

. Eurofound, Fifth European Working Conditions Survey (Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2012.

N. Fouquet, Quel indicateur pertinent pour la surveillance épidémiologique et la prévention des troubles musculo-squelettiques en lien avec le travail ? Application à la lombalgie, Angers, 2016.

N. Fouquet, A. Descatha, C. Ha, A. Petit, R. et al., An epidemiological surveillance network of lumbar disc surgery to help prevention of and compensation for low back pain, The European Journal of Public Health, vol.5, issue.6, pp.543-551, 2016.
DOI : 10.1002/pri.1572

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01392347

N. Fouquet, C. Ha, J. Bodin, A. Chotard, P. Bidron et al., Surveillance des lombalgies et de leurs facteurs de risque professionnels dans les entreprises des Pays de la Loire, Revue d'??pid??miologie et de Sant?? Publique, vol.58, pp.48-51, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respe.2010.06.074

C. Ha, Y. Roquelaure, A. Leclerc, A. Touranchet, M. Goldberg et al., The French Musculoskeletal Disorders Surveillance Program: Pays de la Loire network, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.66, issue.7, pp.471-480, 2009.
DOI : 10.1136/oem.2008.042812

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00368464

, Les maladies professionnelles -Guide d'accès aux tableaux du régime général et du régime agricole de la Sécurité sociale, INRS), 2016.

, INSERM, expertise collective. Lombalgies en milieu professionnel : Quels facteurs de risque et quelle prévention ?, Inserm, 2000.

J. D. Joines, I. Hertz-picciotto, T. S. Carey, W. Gesler, and C. Suchindran, A spatial analysis of county-level variation in hospitalization rates for low back problems in North Carolina, Social Science & Medicine, vol.56, issue.12, pp.2541-2553, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00295-2

L. Kaila-kangas, I. Keskimaki, V. Notkola, P. Mutanen, H. Riihimaki et al., , 2006.

, How consistently distributed are the socioeconomic differences in severe back morbidity by age and gender? A population based study of hospitalisation among Finnish employees, Occup. Environ. Med, vol.63, pp.278-82

I. Kuorinka, B. Jonsson, A. Kilbom, H. Vinterberg, F. Biering-sørensen et al., , 1987.

, Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms, Appl. Ergon, vol.18, pp.233-240

S. E. Lamb, Z. Hansen, R. Lall, E. Castelnuovo, E. J. Withers et al., Group cognitive behavioural treatment for low-back pain in primary care: a randomised controlled trial and cost-effectiveness analysis, The Lancet, vol.375, issue.9718, pp.916-939, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62164-4

P. Leino-arjas, L. Kaila-kangas, I. Keskimäki, V. Notkola, and P. Mutanen, Inpatient hospital care for lumbar intervertebral disc disorders in Finland in relation to education, occupational class, income, and employment, Public Health, vol.116, issue.5, pp.272-280, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ph.1900868

P. Loisel, J. Lemaire, S. Poitras, M. Durand, F. Champagne et al., Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis of a disability prevention model for back pain management: a six year follow up study, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.59, issue.12, pp.807-822, 2002.
DOI : 10.1136/oem.59.12.807

C. J. Main, N. Foster, and R. Buchbinder, How important are back pain beliefs and expectations for satisfactory recovery from back pain?, Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, vol.24, issue.2, pp.205-222, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.berh.2009.12.012

A. F. Mannion, S. Wieser, and A. Elfering, Association Between Beliefs and Care-Seeking Behavior for Low Back Pain, Spine, vol.38, issue.12, pp.1016-1025, 2013.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31828473b5

K. Messing, S. R. Stock, and F. Tissot, Should studies of risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders be stratified by gender? Lessons from the, Québec Health and Social Survey. Scand. J, 1998.

, Work. Environ. Health, vol.35, pp.96-112

H. S. Miedema, H. F. Molen, . Van-der, P. Kuijer, B. W. Koes et al., Incidence of low back pain related occupational diseases in the Netherlands, European Journal of Pain, vol.24, issue.Suppl 2, pp.873-882, 2014.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-199902150-00019

P. L. Murphy, C. , and T. K. , Low back pain disability: Relative costs by antecedent and industry group, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol.23, issue.5, pp.558-71, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0033-3182(96)71566-9

A. Ozguler, A. Leclerc, M. F. Landre, F. Pietri-taleb, and I. Niedhammer, Individual and occupational determinants of low back pain according to various definitions of low back pain, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol.54, issue.3, pp.215-235, 2000.
DOI : 10.1136/jech.54.3.215

A. Petit, J. Fassier, S. Rousseau, P. Mairiaux, R. et al., French good practice guidelines for medical and occupational surveillance of the low back pain risk among workers exposed to manual handling of loads, Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.47, issue.423, p.18, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00242-0

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01392375

W. C. Peul, W. B. Hout, . Van-den, R. Brand, R. T. Thomeer et al., Prolonged conservative care versus early surgery in patients with sciatica caused by lumbar disc herniation: two year results of a randomised controlled trial, BMJ, vol.336, issue.7657, pp.1355-1363, 2008.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.a143

L. Punnett, A. Prüss-utün, D. I. Nelson, M. A. Fingerhut, J. Leigh et al., Estimating the global burden of low back pain attributable to combined occupational exposures, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol.14, issue.6, pp.459-69, 2005.
DOI : 10.5271/sjweh.481

A. Ramond-roquin, J. Bodin, C. Serazin, E. Parot-schinkel, C. Ha et al., , 2015.

, Biomechanical constraints remain major risk factors for low back pain. Results from a prospective cohort study in French male employees, Spine J. Off. J. North Am. Spine Soc, vol.15, pp.559-69

C. Rasmussen, G. L. Nielsen, V. K. Hansen, O. K. Jensen, and B. Schioettz-christensen, Rates of Lumbar Disc Surgery Before and After Implementation of Multidisciplinary Nonsurgical Spine Clinics, Spine, vol.30, issue.21, pp.2469-73, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000184686.70838.96

D. P. Ritzwoller, L. Crounse, S. Shetterly, R. , and D. , The association of comorbidities, utilization and costs for patients identified with low back pain, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol.24, issue.5, p.72, 2006.
DOI : 10.1207/S15324796ABM2402_04

S. Rivière, E. Penven, H. Cadéac-birman, Y. Roquelaure, and M. Valenty, Underreporting of musculoskeletal disorders in 10 regions in France in 2009, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol.3, issue.1, pp.1174-80, 2009.
DOI : 10.5491/SHAW.2012.3.1.67

Y. Roquelaure, N. Fouquet, C. Ha, E. Bord, N. Arnault et al., , 2011.

, Epidemiological surveillance of lumbar disc surgery in the general population: a pilot study in a French region, Jt. Bone Spine Rev. Rhum, vol.78, pp.298-302

Y. Roquelaure, K. Vénien, S. Moisan, D. Penneau-fontbonne, G. Lasfargues et al., , 2005.

, Déclarer une lombosciatique en maladie professionnelle : est-ce l'avantage bien compris du patient ?, Rev. Rhum, vol.72, pp.531-534

D. D. Rutstein, R. J. Mullan, T. M. Frazier, W. E. Halperin, J. M. Melius et al., J.P, 1983.

, Sentinel Health Events (occupational): a basis for physician recognition and public health surveillance

, Am. J. Public Health, vol.73, pp.1054-62

G. Santin, B. Geoffroy, L. Bénézet, P. Delézire, J. Chatelot et al., In an occupational health surveillance study, auxiliary data from administrative health and occupational databases effectively corrected for nonresponse, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol.67, issue.6, pp.722-752, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.10.017

C. Serazin, C. Ha, J. Bodin, E. Imbernon, R. et al., Employment and occupational outcomes of workers with musculoskeletal pain in a French region, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.70, issue.3, pp.143-148, 2013.
DOI : 10.1136/oemed-2012-100685

C. Sérazin, V. Tassy, T. Dourlat, L. Garras, and M. Valenty, Surveillance des maladies à caractère professionnel (MCP) en région Pays de la Loire, 2008.

C. Sérazin, V. Tassy, J. Plaine, T. Dourlat, L. Garras et al., Surveillance des maladies à caractère professionnel (MCP) en région Pays de la Loire, 2010.

B. Silverstein, E. Viikari-juntura, and J. Kalat, Use of a prevention index to identify industries at high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, back, and upper extremity in Washington state, 1990-1998, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol.19, issue.3, pp.149-69, 1990.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-199405001-00001

S. Stock, N. Nicolakakis, H. Raïq, K. Messing, K. Lippel et al., Underreporting Work Absences for Nontraumatic Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders to Workers??? Compensation: Results of a 2007???2008 Survey of the Qu??bec Working Population, American Journal of Public Health, vol.104, issue.3, pp.94-101, 2014.
DOI : 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301562

M. Thiede, F. Liebers, A. Seidler, S. Gravemeyer, and U. Latza, Gender specific analysis of occupational diseases of the low back caused by carrying, lifting or extreme trunk flexion-use of a prevention index to identify occupations with high prevention needs, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol.47, issue.2, pp.233-244, 2014.
DOI : 10.1002/ajim.20146

M. Valenty, J. Homère, A. Lemaitre, J. Plaine, M. Ruhlman et al., Surveillance programme for uncompensated work-related diseases in France, Occupational Medicine, vol.83, issue.8, pp.642-50, 2015.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwf182

B. F. Walker, R. Muller, and W. D. Grant, Low Back Pain in Australian Adults: The Economic Burden, Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, vol.23, issue.2, pp.79-87, 2003.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-199504000-00009

K. Yamada, K. Matsudaira, K. Takeshita, H. Oka, N. Hara et al., Prevalence of low back pain as the primary pain site and factors associated with low health-related quality of life in a large Japanese population: a pain-associated cross-sectional epidemiological survey, Mod. Rheumatol. Jpn, 2013.

, Rheum. Assoc. [Epub ahead of print

M. Zins and M. Goldberg, The French CONSTANCES population-based cohort: design, inclusion and follow-up, European Journal of Epidemiology, vol.10, issue.6, pp.1317-1345, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.10.017

, Collective. social and personal services 3

, Activities of households as

, All non-missing sectors 59 76

, Results are presented and rate are calculated when there are at least five cases for at least one study (Agriculture, hunting and forestry, Electricity, gas and water conditioning supply, Construction, Accommodation and food service activities, Transportation and communication, Education and Activities of households as employers are not presented in table a; Fishing, aquaculture and related service, Mining and quarrying and Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies are not presented in tables a and b); b Concerning the Cosali study and the UWRD surveillance, the prevalence rate was calculated using the number of cases of chronic LBP and DRS as numerator and the whole salaried staff included in each system as denominator (Table I) For the LDS study and the OD-DRS, the incidence rate was computed using the number of DRS cases in each system as numerator and the number of employed people according to INSEE census of 2007; c 95% confidence interval; d Prevention index, a Industry sectors coded using the 17 sections of the French version of the statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community bold, the first three sectors in terms of PI for each study and indicator, 2003.