C. Pui and W. Evans, Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.354, issue.2, pp.166-78, 2006.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMra052603

G. Comi, Induction vs. escalating therapy in Multiple Sclerosis: practical implications, Neurological Sciences, vol.13, issue.[Suppl3], pp.253-258, 2008.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-124-5-199603010-00003

P. Reickmann, Concepts of induction and escalation therapy in multiple sclerosis, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol.277, pp.42-47, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-510X(09)70012-7

G. Edan, L. Page, and E. , Induction Therapy for Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Why? When? How?, CNS Drugs, vol.77, issue.2, pp.403-412, 2013.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318228bec5

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00877114

H. Wiendl, Cladribine ??? an old newcomer for pulsed immune reconstitution in MS, Nature Reviews Neurology, vol.86, issue.10, pp.573-4119, 2017.
DOI : 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000158

E. Leray, J. Yaouanq, L. Page, E. Coustans, M. Laplaud et al., Evidence for a two-stage disability progression in multiple sclerosis, Brain, vol.67, issue.5, pp.1900-1913, 2010.
DOI : 10.1212/01.wnl.0000234064.17156.03

A. Scalfari, A. Neuhaus, and A. Degenhardt, The natural history of multiple sclerosis, a geographically based study 10: relapses and long-term disability, Brain, vol.53, issue.Pt 6, pp.1914-1943, 2010.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.53.5.1107

L. Fisniku, P. Brex, and D. Altmann, Disability and T2 MRI lesions: a 20-year follow-up of patients with relapse onset of multiple sclerosis, Brain, vol.131, issue.3, pp.808-825, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/awm329

X. Montalban, S. Hauser, L. Kappos, D. Arnold, A. Bar-or et al., Ocrelizumab versus Placebo in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.376, issue.3, pp.209-229, 2016.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa1606468

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01793440

B. Chaudhry, J. Cohen, and D. Conway, Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis, Neurotherapeutics, vol.14, issue.4, pp.859-73, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.11.006

H. Weiner, The challenge of multiple sclerosis: How do we cure a chronic heterogeneous disease?, Annals of Neurology, vol.197, issue.3, pp.239-287, 2009.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.42.2.348

M. Sormani, C. Gasperini, M. Romeo, J. Rio, M. Calabrese et al., Assessing response to interferon-?? in a multicenter dataset of patients with MS, Neurology, vol.87, issue.2, pp.134-400000000000002830, 2016.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002830

G. Edan, D. Miller, and M. Clanet, Therapeutic effect of mitoxantrone combined with methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis: a randomised multicentre study of active disease using MRI and clinical criteria., Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol.62, issue.2, pp.112-120, 1997.
DOI : 10.1136/jnnp.62.2.112

L. Page, E. Leray, E. Taurin, G. Coustans, M. Chaperon et al., Mitoxantrone as induction treatment in aggressive relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: treatment response factors in a 5 year follow-up observational study of 100 consecutive patients, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol.79, issue.1, pp.52-58, 2008.
DOI : 10.1136/jnnp.2007.124958

G. Edan, C. Comi, L. Page, E. Leray, E. Rocca et al., Mitoxantrone prior to interferon beta-1b in aggressive relapsing multiple sclerosis: a 3-year randomised trial, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol.82, issue.12, pp.1344-50, 2011.
DOI : 10.1136/jnnp.2010.229724

L. Page, E. Leray, E. Edan, and G. , Long-term safety profile of mitoxantrone in a French cohort of 802 multiple sclerosis patients: a 5-year prospective study, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, vol.24, issue.7, pp.867-75, 2011.
DOI : 10.1177/1352458508094882

T. Vollmer, H. Panitch, and A. Bar-or, Glatiramer acetate after induction therapy with mitoxantrone in relapsing multiple sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, vol.12, issue.5, pp.1-8, 2008.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa044397

, Alemtuzumab vs. interferon-beta-1a in early multiple sclerosis, The CAMMS223 Trial Investigators, pp.1786-801, 2008.

J. Cohen, A. Coles, and D. Arnold, Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial, The Lancet, vol.380, issue.9856, pp.1819-1847, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61769-3

A. Coles, C. Twyman, and D. Arnold, Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial, The Lancet, vol.380, issue.9856, pp.1829-1868, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61768-1

A. Coles, E. Fox, and A. Vladic, Alemtuzumab more effective than interferon ??-1a at 5-year follow-up of CAMMS223 Clinical Trial, Neurology, vol.78, issue.14, pp.1069-78, 2012.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31824e8ee7

G. Giovannoni, G. Comi, and S. Cook, A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Cladribine for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.362, issue.5, pp.416-442, 2010.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa0902533

G. Giovannoni, S. Sorensen, P. Cook, S. Rammohan, K. Rieckmann et al., Safety and efficacy of cladribine tablets in patients with relapsing???remitting multiple sclerosis: Results from the randomized extension trial of the CLARITY study, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, vol.19, p.2017
DOI : 10.1185/030079907X233142

D. Miller, O. Khan, W. Sheremata, L. Blumhardt, G. Rice et al., A Controlled Trial of Natalizumab for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.348, issue.1, pp.15-23, 2003.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa020696

A. Kerbrat, L. Page, E. Leray, and E. , Natalizumab and drug holiday in clinical practice: An observational study in very active relapsing remitting Multiple Sclerosis patients, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol.308, issue.1-2, pp.98-102, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jns.2011.05.043

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01147033

L. Ferrè, L. Moiola, F. Sangalli, M. Radaelli, V. Barcella et al., Recurrence of disease activity after repeated Natalizumab withdrawals, Neurological Sciences, vol.71, issue.4, pp.465-472, 2014.
DOI : 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.6240

S. Hauser, A. Bar-or, G. Comi, G. Giovannoni, H. Hartung et al., Ocrelizumab versus Interferon Beta-1a in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.376, issue.3, pp.221-255, 2017.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa1601277

D. Alberts, Y. Peng, and G. Bowden, Pharmacology of mitoxantrone: mode of action and pharmacokinetics, Investigational New Drugs, vol.3, issue.2, pp.101-108, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00174156

D. Faulds, J. Balfour, P. Chrisp, and H. Langtry, Mitoxantrone, Drugs, vol.41, issue.3, pp.400-99, 1991.
DOI : 10.2165/00003495-199141030-00007

H. Lenk, U. Mü-ller, and S. Tanneberger, Mitoxantrone: mechanisms of action, antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics, efficacy in the treatment of solid tumors and lymphomas, and toxicity, Anticancer Res, vol.7, pp.1257-64, 1987.

J. Koeller and M. Eble, Mitoxantrone: a novel anthracycline derivative, Clin Pharm, vol.7, pp.574-81, 1998.

T. Shenkenberg, V. Hoff, and D. , Mitoxantrone: A New Anticancer Drug with Significant Clinical Activity, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.105, issue.1, pp.67-81, 1986.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-105-1-67

B. Wang, K. Murdock, and A. Lumanglas, Relationship of chemical structures of anthraquinones with their effects on the suppression of immune responses, International Journal of Immunopharmacology, vol.9, issue.6, pp.733-742, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0192-0561(87)90045-2

B. Wang, A. Lumaglas, and V. Ruszala-mallon, Induction of alloreactive immunosuppression by 1,4-bis [(2-aminoethyl)amino]-5,8-dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione dihydrochloride (CL 232,468), International Journal of Immunopharmacology, vol.6, issue.5, pp.475-82, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0192-0561(84)90086-9

J. Greenwood, S. Gorman, E. Routledge, I. Lloyd, and H. Waldmann, Engineering multiple-domain forms of the therapeutic antibody CAMPATH-1H: effects on complement lysis, Ther Immunol, vol.1, pp.247-55, 1994.

A. Coles, M. Wing, and P. Molyneux, Monoclonal antibody treatment exposes three mechanisms underlying the clinical course of multiple sclerosis, Annals of Neurology, vol.277, issue.3, pp.296-304, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.277.5332.1684

A. Coles, A. Cox, L. Page, and E. , The window of therapeutic opportunity in multiple sclerosis, Journal of Neurology, vol.23, issue.1, pp.98-108, 2006.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.57.10.1888

A. Coles, J. Cohen, E. Fox, G. Giovannoni, H. Hartung et al., Alemtuzumab CARE-MS II 5-year follow-up, Neurology, vol.89, issue.11, pp.1117-260000000000004354, 2017.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004354

T. Ziemssen and K. Thomas, Alemtuzumab in the long-term treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: an update on the clinical trial evidence and data from the real world, Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, vol.84, issue.10, pp.343-59, 2017.
DOI : 10.1186/s12883-016-0556-9