P. Adret, Une étude des comportements parentaux de l'avocette en colonie de reproduction. Organisation spatial inter-et intra-familiale. ? Can, J. Zool, vol.61, pp.603-615, 1983.

F. Adriaensen, Differences in migratory behaviour between early and late brood nestlings of the Robin Erithacus rubecula, Ibis, vol.129, pp.263-267, 1986.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1987.tb03206.x

F. Adriaensen and A. A. Dhondt, Population Dynamics and Partial Migration of the European Robin (Erithacus rubecula) in Different Habitats, The Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.59, issue.3, pp.1077-1090, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/5033

J. Alcock, Animal behavior: an evolutionary approach, 2013.

T. Alerstam, A. Hedenström, and S. Åkesson, Long-distance migration: evolution and determinants, Oikos, vol.1, issue.2, pp.247-260, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-79749-1

J. A. Alves, T. G. Gunnarsson, D. B. Hayhow, G. F. Appleton, P. M. Potts et al., Costs, benefits, and fitness consequences of different migratory strategies, Ecology, vol.94, issue.1, pp.11-17, 2013.
DOI : 10.2307/1369313

R. Ambrosini, A. P. Moller, and N. Saino, A quantitative measure of migratory connectivity, Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol.257, issue.2, pp.203-211, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.11.019

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00554539

C. Barbraud, A. R. Johnson, and G. Bertault, Phenotypic correlates of post-fledging dispersal in a population of greater flamingos: the importance of body condition, Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.135, issue.2, pp.246-257, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/35099670

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00189203

P. Berthold, Bird migration: a general survey, 2001.

H. Biebach, Genetic determination of partial migration in the European robin (Erithacus rubecula), Auk, vol.100, pp.601-606, 1983.

, European Red List of Birds, BirdLife International, 2015.

, Accepted Ar ticle

B. B. Chapman, C. Brönmark, J. Nilsson, and L. Hansson, The ecology and evolution of partial migration, Oikos, vol.15, issue.12, pp.1764-1775, 2011.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.002141

M. A. Colwell, S. E. Mcallister, C. B. Millett, A. N. Transou, S. M. Mullin et al., PHILOPATRY AND NATAL DISPERSAL OF THE WESTERN SNOWY PLOVER, The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, vol.119, issue.3, pp.378-385, 2007.
DOI : 10.1676/06-038.1

S. Cramp and K. E. Simmons, The birds of the western palearctic, pp.48-62, 1983.

M. Cuadrado, in the Mediterranean area, Bird Study, vol.91, issue.3, pp.232-239, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-5347(93)90058-W

H. Dingle, Migration: the biology of life on the move, 2014.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199640386.001.0001

S. A. Gauthreaux and . Jr, THE ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF AVIAN MIGRATION SYSTEMS, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-12-249406-2.50011-3

D. S. Farner, Avian biology, pp.93-168

E. A. Gillis, D. J. Green, H. A. Middleton, and C. A. Morrissey, LIFE HISTORY CORRELATES OF ALTERNATIVE MIGRATORY STRATEGIES IN AMERICAN DIPPERS, Ecology, vol.98, issue.6, pp.1687-1695, 2008.
DOI : 10.1080/00063659909477239

A. Hegemann, P. P. Marra, and B. I. Tieleman, Causes and Consequences of Partial Migration in a Passerine Bird, The American Naturalist, vol.186, issue.4, pp.531-546, 2015.
DOI : 10.1086/682667

H. Hötker, Choice of winter quarters in Avocets (Recurvirostra avosetta), Biol, 1998.

, Cons. Fauna, vol.102, pp.118-122

H. Hötker, Arrival of Pied Avocets Recurvirostra avosetta at the breeding site: effects of winter quarters and consequences for reproductive success, Ardea, vol.90, pp.379-387, 2002.

H. Hötker and R. West, Population size, population development and habitat use of Avocets in Western Europe at the end of the 20th century. ? Wader Study Group Bull, pp.57-65, 2005.

, Accepted Ar ticle

H. Hötker and T. Dodman, Pied avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, 2009.

, An atlas of wader populations in Africa and western Eurasia. Wetlands International and International Wader Study Group, pp.63-71

E. D. Ketterson, V. Nolan, and . Jr, Geographic Variation and Its Climatic Correlates in the Sex Ratio of Eastern-Wintering Dark-Eyed Juncos (Junco Hyemalis Hyemalis), Ecology, vol.57, issue.4, pp.679-693, 1976.
DOI : 10.2307/1936182

E. D. Ketterson, V. Nolan, and . Jr, The Evolution of Differential Bird Migration, 1983.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-6781-3_12

, Current ornithology, pp.357-402

D. Lack, The problem of partial migration, Br. Birds, vol.37, pp.122-130, 1943.

T. Lok, O. Overdijk, J. M. Tinbergen, and T. Piersma, The paradox of spoonbill migration: most birds travel to where survival rates are lowest, Animal Behaviour, vol.82, issue.4, pp.837-844, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.07.019

P. Lundberg, Dominance behaviour, body weight and fat variations, and partial migration in European blackbirds Turdus merula, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol, vol.17, pp.185-189, 1985.

P. Lundberg, Partial bird migration and evolutionary stable strategies, 1987.

, Biol, vol.125, pp.351-340

P. Lundberg, The evolution of partial migration in Birds, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.3, issue.7, pp.172-175, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-5347(88)90035-3

R. Mahéo, L. Drean-quenec-'hdu, S. Triplet, and P. , Avocette élégante Recurvirostra avosetta hivernant en France (Littoral Manche-Atlantique), 1977-2005. ? Alauda, pp.38-48, 2007.

P. P. Marra, K. A. Hobson, and R. T. Holmes, Linking Winter and Summer Events in a Migratory Bird by Using Stable-Carbon Isotopes, Science, vol.282, issue.5395, pp.1884-1886, 1998.
DOI : 10.1126/science.282.5395.1884

, Accepted Ar ticle

J. Merilä and E. Svensson, Are Fat Reserves in Migratory Birds Affected by Condition in Early Life?, Journal of Avian Biology, vol.28, issue.4, pp.279-286, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/3676940

I. Newton, The migration ecology of birds, 2008.

A. L. Nilsson, J. Nilsson, and C. Mettke-hofmann, Energy Reserves, Information Need and a Pinch of Personality Determine Decision-Making on Route in Partially Migratory Blue Tits, PLOS ONE, vol.113, issue.2, p.163213, 2016.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0163213.s002

D. R. Norris, P. P. Marra, T. K. Kyser, T. W. Sherry, and L. M. Ratcliffe, , 2004.

, Tropical winter habitat limits reproductive success on the temperate breeding grounds in a migratory bird, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, vol.271, pp.59-64

D. R. Norris and P. P. Marra, SEASONAL INTERACTIONS, HABITAT QUALITY, AND POPULATION DYNAMICS IN MIGRATORY BIRDS, The Condor, vol.109, issue.3, pp.535-547, 2007.
DOI : 10.1650/8350.1

J. Pérez-tris and J. L. Tellería, Migratory and sedentary blackcaps in sympatric non-breeding grounds: implications for the evolution of avian migration, Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.71, issue.2, 2002.
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.1993.0050

, Ecol, vol.71, pp.211-224

R. J. Pierce, Breeding and social patterns of banded Dotterels (Charadrius bicinctus) at Cass river, ? Notornis, vol.36, pp.13-23, 1989.

R. Team, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2016.

J. C. Salvig, Ringing & Migration, vol.81, issue.2, pp.79-90, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/4932

A. Sanz-aguilar, A. Béchet, C. Germain, A. R. Johnson, and R. Pradel, To leave or not to leave: survival trade-offs between different migratory strategies in the greater flamingo, Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.107, issue.Suppl 1, pp.1171-1182, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01865.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02126309

, Accepted Ar ticle

A. I. Schulte-hostedde, B. Zinner, J. S. Millar, and G. J. Hickling, RESTITUTION OF MASS???SIZE RESIDUALS: VALIDATING BODY CONDITION INDICES, Ecology, vol.86, issue.1, pp.155-163, 2005.
DOI : 10.2307/1383292

H. Schwabl and B. Silverin, Control of partial migration and autumnal behaviour, Bird migration: physiology and ecophysiology, 1990.

B. Springer, , pp.144-155

H. Schwabl, Winter and Breeding Territorial Behaviour and Levels of Reproductive Hormones of Migratory European Robins, Ornis Scandinavica, vol.23, issue.3, pp.271-276, 1992.
DOI : 10.2307/3676649

H. G. Smith and J. Nilsson, Intraspecific Variation in Migratory Pattern of a Partial Migrant, the Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus): An Evaluation of Different Hypotheses, The Auk, vol.71, issue.1, pp.109-115, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/S0003-3472(83)80064-5

B. J. Stutchbury, Competition for Winter Territories in a Neotropical Migrant: The Role of Age, Sex and Color, The Auk, vol.25, issue.1, pp.63-69, 1994.
DOI : 10.2307/1368241

L. A. Vélez-espino, R. L. Mclaughlin, and M. Robillard, Ecological advantages of partial migration as a conditional strategy, Theoretical Population Biology, vol.85, pp.1-11, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tpb.2013.01.004

R. West, Pied Avocets wintering in Britain, ? Wader Study Group Bull, vol.107, pp.54-56, 1947.

, Supplementary material (Appendix JXXXXX at <www.oikosoffice.lu.se/appendix>)

, Appendix 1?2