, Sperm concentration (×10 6 ml ?1 ), pp.22-30

, Sperm output, pp.53-59

, <40, pp.366-56

, ?40, pp.286-329

. Sperm-motility,

, <50, pp.280-322

, ?50

, <30, pp.258-297

, ?30, pp.394-60

, WBCs (×10 6 ml ?1 ) * ?1, pp.440-67

, >1, pp.211-243

, P values were calculated using a two?sided Chi?squared test for the comparison of percentages. * One missing data in the Controls group. WBCs: white blood cells Table 3: Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the relationship between genital disorders and semen characteristics Characteristics Controls Epididymitis Varicocele (Grade III) Epididymitis and varicocele (Grade III)

, OR (95% CI) 1.0 (reference) 0, Semen volume <2.0 ml

, OR (95% CI) 1.0 (reference) 0, Sperm concentration <20 × 10 6 ml ?1

, OR (95% CI) 1.0 (reference) 0, Sperm output <40 × 10 6

<. Sperm-motility and . Or,

, Sperm morphology <30%, OR (95% CI) 1

, OR (95% CI) 1.0 (reference) 5, WBCs >1 × 10 6 ml ?1

, Adjusted for age; b adjusted for age and type of sterility. CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; WBCs: white blood cells Figure 1: Flow chart of the study population selection

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