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, Evidence supporting the ribosomal compartment model 1. Ribosomal tetramers and long rows of polysomal clusters are clearly visible on EM images in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, Box, vol.3
, EM data demonstrate that polysomes are arranged as compact staggered or pseudohelical structures in vitro
, 2D-ribosome crystals were found in hibernated eukaryotes, vol.25, pp.27-29
, Huge numbers of ribosomes are synthesized in fast-proliferating cells, vol.21, pp.42-44
, Initiating ribosomes interact with RNA polymerase, making a ternary RNAP-ribosomemRNA complex, vol.76
, Several copies of a protein are translated from a single mRNA (multi-round translation)
, Terminating a ribosome re-initiates the next round of translation, vol.16
, The rates of translation and transcription are nearly the same, since every 3 base pairs are translated into one amino acid [40]. For example, the transcriptional rate is 42 nucleotides/sec and the translational rate is 14 amino acids/sec in the same cells
, Most translation occurs on complete mRNAs
, Ribosomes can easily dimerize when cells encounter stress
, Translation and transcription are synchronized, pp.39-41
, Our model supports "transertion" of membrane proteins well. In this process, membrane protein synthesis is considered as a non-stop chain of events: transcription, translation, and then translocation, vol.47
, The involvement of termination factors in the translation process is independent of the whole termination event, vol.62
, Our model has multiple translation initiation sites, in agreement with Ribo-seq analysis, vol.72
, The ribosomal compartment protects ribosomes and mRNA from degradation
, Our model allows mRNA, translation factors, and newly synthesized proteins to make their way along the pathways through the compartment
, RNAP interacts with 30S and 50S ribosomal particles and with the whole 70S ribosome
, A second ribosome, which is next to the one initiating translation is loaded onto the 5' mRNA untranslated region, before the initiating ribosome moves away from the start codon, vol.77