M. J. Walker, T. C. Barnett, J. D. Mcarthur, J. N. Cole, C. M. Gillen et al., Disease manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms of group A Streptococcus, Clin Microbiol Rev, vol.27, pp.264-301, 2014.

F. Andreoni, C. Zürcher, A. Tarnutzer, K. Schilcher, A. Neff et al., Clindamycin affects group A Streptococcus virulence factors and improves clinical outcome, J Infect Dis, vol.215, pp.269-77, 2017.

C. Ardanuy, A. Domenech, D. Rolo, L. Calatayud, F. Tubau et al., Molecular characterization of macrolide-and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from adult patients in, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.65, pp.634-677, 1993.

V. Cattoir, Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, Streptococcus pyogenes basic Biol. to Clin. manifestations, vol.6, pp.1-34, 2016.

B. Bozdogan, L. Berrezouga, M. S. Kuo, D. A. Yurek, K. A. Farley et al., A new resistance gene, linB, conferring resistance to lincosamides by nucleotidylation in Enterococcus faecium HM1025, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.43, pp.925-934, 1999.

L. Sharkey, T. A. Edwards, O. Neill, and A. J. , ABC-F proteins mediate antibiotic resistance through ribosomal protection, MBio, vol.7, pp.1-10, 2016.

P. A. Hawkins, C. S. Law, B. J. Metcalf, S. Chochua, D. M. Jackson et al., Cross-resistance to lincosamides, streptogramins A and pleuromutilins in Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from the USA, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.72, pp.1886-92, 2017.

A. Montilla, A. Zavala, C. Cáceres, R. Cittadini, R. Vay et al., Genetic environment of the lnu(B) gene in a Streptococcus agalactiae clinical isolate, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.58, pp.5636-5643, 2014.

A. Achard, C. Villers, V. Pichereau, and R. Leclercq, New lnu(C) gene conferring resistance to lincomycin by nucleotidylation in Streptococcus agalactiae UCN36, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.49, pp.2716-2725, 2005.

E. Petinaki, V. Guerin-faublee, V. Pichereau, C. Villers, A. Achard et al., Lincomycin resistance gene lnu(D) in Streptococcus uberis, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.52, pp.626-656, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00428203

F. Gravey, S. Galopin, N. Grall, M. Auzou, A. Andremont et al., Lincosamide resistance mediated by lnu(C) (L phenotype) in a Streptococcus anginosus clinical isolate, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.68, pp.2464-2471, 2013.

M. Almuzara, L. Bonofiglio, R. Cittadini, V. Ocampo, C. Montilla et al.,

M. Castillo, First case of Streptococcus lutetiensis bacteremia involving a clindamycin-resistant isolate carrying the lnu(B) gene, J Clin Microbiol, vol.51, pp.4259-61, 2013.

S. Chochua, B. J. Metcalf, Z. Li, J. Rivers, S. Mathis et al., Population 14 and whole genome sequence based characterization of invasive group A streptococci recovered in the United States during 2015, MBio, vol.8, pp.1-19, 2017.

R. Leclercq, C. Carlier, J. Duval, and P. Courvalin, Plasmid-mediated resistance to lincomycin by inactivation in Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.28, pp.421-425, 1985.

E. Giovanetti, G. Magi, A. Brenciani, C. Spinaci, R. Lupidi et al., Conjugative transfer of the erm(A) gene from erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes to macrolide-susceptible S. pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Listeria innocua, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.50, pp.249-52, 2002.

A. Zhang, C. Xu, H. Wang, C. Lei, B. Liu et al., Presence and new genetic environment of pleuromutilin-lincosamide-streptogramin A resistance gene lsa(E) in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of swine origin, Vet Microbiol, vol.177, pp.162-169, 2015.

J. Huang, J. Ma, K. Shang, X. Hu, Y. Liang et al., Evolution and diversity of the antimicrobial resistance associated mobilome in Streptococcus suis: a probable mobile genetic elements reservoir for other streptococci, Front Cell Infect Microbiol, vol.6, p.118, 2016.

K. Huang, Q. Zhang, Y. Song, Z. Zhang, A. Zhang et al., Characterization of spectinomycin resistance in Streptococcus suis leads to two novel insights into drug resistance formation and dissemination mechanism, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.60, pp.6390-6392, 2016.

A. I. Vela, M. Perez, L. Zamora, L. Palacios, L. Dominguez et al., Streptococcus porci sp. nov., isolated from swine sources, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, vol.60, pp.104-112, 2010.

Q. Wang, B. J. Chang, T. V. Riley, and . Erysipelothrix-rhusiopathiae, Vet Microbiol, vol.140, pp.405-422, 2010.

, A) Comparison of GAS2887HUB to the M1 GAS strain (reference GAS genome

. Acc, ?lnu(B) genes together with the prophage 39.6 kb P2 downstream of rumA (23S rRNA (uracil-5)-methyltransferase). The purple-gradated regions show 64%?100% sequence identity, and the red line highlights the part of the GAS2887HUB sequence shown in more detail in Fig. 1B. B) Representation of the sequence containing lsa(E)?lnu(B) genes together with the prophage 39.6 kb P2, showing the relatedness of the prophage sequence and lsa(E)?lnu(B) genes with S, NC_002737 positions 1080518?1152718) showing the insertion of the sequence containing lsa(E), pp.1-57586

, AUIP01000004 positions 1?8831), the different of arrangement of the ant(6)Ia?sat4?aph(3')III cluster and lsa(E)?lnu(B) genes in E

, Ia?sat4?aph(3')III cluster in S. suis TZ080501 [17] (Acc. No. KX077897 positions 46803?68299). The yellow-to-blue-shaded regions show 67%?100% sequence identity. The green line emphasises the GAS2887HUB sequence shown in more detail in Fig. 1C. C) Distribution of the lsa(E)?lnu(B) genes, the ant(6)Ia?sat4?aph(3')III cluster and the aadE?apt?spw cluster among the previously described structures in streptococci containing lsa(E)?lnu(B) genes, KP339868; positions 11622?17508 and 4868?9307) and the presence of the ant

S. ,

S. , , 20162235.