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, Results are normalized to GAPDH gene expression. The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM for three independent experiments performed in triplicate. Statistics: **p<0.01 and *p<0.05 for cultures exposed to ethanol treatment compared with the control cultures, Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry ? Column: C18 Accucore (10 cm) ? Temperature: 20°C temperature: 15°C ? Injected volume: 5 µL ? Source: HESI-II ? Probe: 300°C ? Mode: negative ? Spray voltage: 3 kV ? Sheath gas and auxiliary gas: N2 ? Capillary temperature: 300 °C ? Source lens: 60 V ? Acquisition data: t-SIM ? Resolution: 70,000 FWHM ? C-trap capacity: 10 6 charges ? Maximum injection time: 200 ms