Carbazole Isomerism in Helical Radical Cations: Spin Delocalization and SOMO–HOMO Level Inversion in the Diradical State
Résumé
We report a new molecular design to afford persistent chiral organic open-shell systems with configurational stability and an inversion in energy of the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) and the highest doubly occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) for both mono- and diradical states. The unpaired electron delocalization within the designed extended helical π-conjugated systems is a crucial factor to reach chemical stabilities, which is not obtained using the classical steric protection approach. The unique features of the obtained helical monoradicals allow an exploration of the chiral intramolecular electron transfer (IET) process in solvents of different polarity by means of optical and chiroptical spectroscopies, resulting in an unprecedented electronic circular dichroism (ECD) sign inversion for the radical transitions. We also characterized the corresponding helical diradicals, which show near-infrared electronic circular dichroism at wavelengths up to 1100 nm and an antiferromagnetic coupling between the spins, with an estimated singlet–triplet gap (ΔEST) of about −1.2 kcal mol–1. The study also revealed an intriguing double SOMO–HOMO inversion (SHI) electronic configuration for these diradicals, providing new insight regarding the peculiar energetic ordering of radical orbitals and the impact on the corresponding (chiral) optoelectronic properties.
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