Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study

Luis Felipe Reyes (1, 2) , Srinivas Murthy , Esteban Garcia-Gallo , Laura Merson , Elsa Ibáñez-Prada , Jordi Rello , Yuli Fuentes , Ignacio Martin-Loeches , Fernando Bozza , Sara Duque , Fabio Taccone , Robert Fowler , Christiana Kartsonaki , Bronner Gonçalves , Barbara Wanjiru Citarella , Diptesh Aryal , Erlina Burhan , Matthew Cummings , Christelle Delmas , Rodrigo Diaz , Claudia Figueiredo-Mello , Madiha Hashmi , Prasan Kumar Panda , Miguel Pedrera Jiménez , Diego Fernando Bautista Rincon , David Thomson , Alistair Nichol , John Marshall , Piero Olliaro (1) , Ali Abbas , Sheryl Ann Abdukahil , Ryuzo Abe , Laurent Abel , Lara Absil , Subhash Acharya , Andrew Acker , Diana Adrião , Saleh Al Ageel , Shakeel Ahmed , Kate Ainscough , Tharwat Aisa , Ali Ait Hssain , Younes Ait Tamlihat , Takako Akimoto , Ernita Akmal , Eman Al Qasim , Razi Alalqam , Tala Al-Dabbous , Senthilkumar Alegesan , Cynthia Alegre , Marta Alessi , Beatrice Alex , Kévin Alexandre , Abdulrahman Al-Fares , Huda Alfoudri , Imran Ali , Naseem Ali Shah , Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou , Jeffrey Aliudin , Qabas Alkhafajee , Clotilde Allavena , Nathalie Allou , Aneela Altaf , João Alves , João Melo Alves , Rita Alves , Joana Alves Cabrita , Maria Amaral , Phoebe Ampaw , Roberto Andini , Claire Andréjak , Andrea Angheben , François Angoulvant , Séverine Ansart , Massimo Antonelli , Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito , Ardiyan Apriyana , Yaseen Arabi , Irene Aragao , Carolline Araujo , Antonio Arcadipane , Patrick Archambault , Lukas Arenz , Jean-Benoît Arlet , Christel Arnold-Day , Lovkesh Arora , Rakesh Arora , Elise Artaud-Macari , Diptesh Aryal , Angel Asensio , Namra Asif , Mohammad Asim , Jean Baptiste Assie , Anika Atique , A. Attanyake , Johann Auchabie , Hugues Aumaitre , Adrien Auvet , Laurène Azemar , Cecile Azoulay , Benjamin Bach , Delphine Bachelet , Claudine Badr , Nadia Baig , J. Kenneth Baillie , Erica Bak , Agamemnon Bakakos , Andriy Bal , Valeria Balan , Firouzé Bani-Sadr , Renata Barbalho , Wendy Barclay , Michaela Barnikel , Helena Barrasa , Audrey Barrelet , Cleide Barrigoto , Marie Bartoli , Joaquín Baruch , Romain Basmaci , Denise Battaglini , Jules Bauer , Denisse Bazan Dow , Abigail Beane , Alexandra Bedossa , Husna Begum , Sylvie Behilill , Albertus Beishuizen , Aleksandr Beljantsev , David Bellemare , Anna Beltrame , Marine Beluze , Nicolas Benech , Dehbia Benkerrou , Suzanne Bennett , Luís Bento , Jan-Erik Berdal , Delphine Bergeaud , Hazel Bergin , José Luis Bernal Sobrino , Giulia Bertoli , Lorenzo Bertolino , Simon Bessis , Sybille Bevilcaqua , Karine Bezulier , Amar Bhatt , Krishna Bhavsar , Claudia Bianco , Moirangthem Bikram Singh , Felwa Bin Humaid , François Bissuel , Laurent Bitker , Jonathan Bitton , Pablo Blanco-Schweizer , Catherine Blier , Frank Bloos , Mathieu Blot , Filomena Boccia , Laetitia Bodenes , Debby Bogaert , Anne-Hélène Boivin , Pierre-Adrien Bolze , François Bompart , Diogo Borges , Raphaël Borie , Hans Martin Bosse , Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers , Lila Bouadma , Olivier Bouchaud , Sabelline Bouchez , Dounia Bouhmani , Damien Bouhour , Kévin Bouiller , Laurence Bouillet , Camile Bouisse , Anne-Sophie Boureau , John Bourke , Maude Bouscambert , Aurore Bousquet , Jason Bouziotis , Bianca Boxma , Marielle Boyer-Besseyre , Maria Boylan , Axelle Braconnier , Cynthia Braga , Timo Brandenburger , Filipa Brás Monteiro , Luca Brazzi , Dorothy Breen , Patrick Breen , Kathy Brickell , Alex Browne , Shaunagh Browne , Marjolein Brusse-Keizer , Nina Buchtele , Christian Buesaquillo , Polina Bugaeva , Marielle Buisson , Aidan Burrell , Ingrid Bustos , Denis Butnaru , André Cabie , Susana Cabral , Eder Caceres , Cyril Cadoz , Rui Caetano Garcês , Kate Calligy , Jose Andres Calvache , João Camões , Valentine Campana , Paul Campbell , Cecilia Canepa , Mireia Cantero , Pauline Caraux-Paz , Sheila Cárcel , Chiara Simona Cardellino , Filipa Cardoso , Filipe Cardoso , Nelson Cardoso , Sofia Cardoso , Simone Carelli , Nicolas Carlier , Thierry Carmoi , Gayle Carney , Inês Carqueja , Marie-Christine Carret , François Martin Carrier , Ida Carroll , Gail Carson , Maire-Laure Casanova , Mariana Cascão , Siobhan Casey , José Casimiro , Bailey Cassandra , Silvia Castañeda , Nidyanara Castanheira , Guylaine Castor-Alexandre , Henry Castrillón , Ivo Castro , Ana Catarino , François-Xavier Catherine , Paolo Cattaneo , Roberta Cavalin , Giulio Giovanni Cavalli , Alexandros Cavayas , Adrian Ceccato , Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez , Anissa Chair , Catherine Chakveatze , Adrienne Chan , Meera Chand , Christelle Chantalat Auger , Jean-Marc Chapplain , Julie Chas , Mobin Chaudry , Jonathan Samuel Chávez Iñiguez , Anjellica Chen , Yih-Sharng Chen , Matthew Pellan Cheng , Antoine Cheret , Thibault Chiarabini , Julian Chica , Catherine Chirouze , Davide Chiumello , Sung-Min Cho , Bernard Cholley , Marie-Charlotte Chopin , Jose Pedro Cidade , José Miguel Cisneros Herreros , Anna Ciullo , Emma Clarke , Jennifer Clarke , Sara Clohisey , Perren Cobb , Cassidy Codan , Caitriona Cody , Alexandra Coelho , Megan Coles , Gwenhaël Colin , Michael Collins , Sebastiano Maria Colombo , Pamela Combs , Marie Connor , Anne Conrad , Sofía Contreras , Elaine Conway , Graham Cooke , Mary Copland , Hugues Cordel , Amanda Corley , Sabine Cornelis , Alexander Daniel Cornet , Arianne Joy Corpuz , Andrea Cortegiani , Grégory Corvaisier , Emma Costigan , Camille Couffignal , Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues , Roxane Courtois , Stéphanie Cousse , Rachel Cregan , Sabine Croonen , Gloria Crowl , Jonathan Crump , Claudina Cruz , Juan Luis Cruz Bermúdez , Jaime Cruz Rojo , Marc Csete , Ailbhe Cullen , Ger Curley , Elodie Curlier , Colleen Curran , Paula Custodio , Ana da Silva Filipe , Charlene da Silveira , Al-Awwab Dabaliz , Andrew Dagens , Darren Dahly , Heidi Dalton , Jo Dalton , Seamus Daly , Juliana Damas , Nick Daneman , Corinne Daniel , Emmanuelle Dankwa , Jorge Dantas , Frédérick D’aragon , Gillian de Loughry , Diego de Mendoza , Etienne de Montmollin , Rafael Freitas de Oliveira França , Ana Isabel de Pinho Oliveira , Rosanna de Rosa , Thushan de Silva , Peter de Vries , Jillian Deacon , David Dean , Alexa Debard , Marie-Pierre Debray , Nathalie Decastro , William Dechert , Lauren Deconninck , Romain Decours , Eve Defous , Isabelle Delacroix , Eric Delaveuve , Karen Delavigne , Andrea Dell’amore , Pierre Delobel , Corine Delsing , Elisa Demonchy , Emmanuelle Denis , Dominique Deplanque , Pieter Depuydt , Diane Descamps , Mathilde Desvallées , Santi Dewayanti , Pathik Dhanger , Alpha Diallo , Sylvain Diamantis , André Dias , Juan Jose Diaz , Priscila Diaz , Kévin Didier , Jean-Luc Diehl , Wim Dieperink , Jérôme Dimet , Vincent Dinot , Fara Diop , Alphonsine Diouf , Yael Dishon , Félix Djossou , Annemarie Docherty , Helen Doherty , Arjen Dondorp , Christl Donnelly , Maria Donnelly , Chloe Donohue , Sean Donohue , Yoann Donohue , Peter Doran , Céline Dorival , Eric D’ortenzio , James Joshua Douglas , Nathalie Dournon , Triona Downer , Joanne Downey , Mark Downing , Tom Drake , Aoife Driscoll , Claudio Duarte Fonseca , Vincent Dubee , François Dubos , Alexandre Ducancelle , Susanne Dudman , Paul Dunand , Jake Dunning , Mathilde Duplaix , Emanuele Durante-Mangoni , Lucian Durham , Bertrand Dussol , Juliette Duthoit , Xavier Duval , Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise , Marco Echeverria-Villalobos , Siobhan Egan , Carla Eira , Mohammed El Sanharawi , Subbarao Elapavaluru , Brigitte Elharrar , Jacobien Ellerbroek , Philippine Eloy , Tarek Elshazly , Isabelle Enderle , Tomoyuki Endo , Ilka Engelmann , Vincent Enouf , Olivier Epaulard , Martina Escher , Mariano Esperatti , Hélène Esperou , Catarina Espírito Santo , Marina Esposito-Farese , João Estevão , Manuel Etienne , Nadia Ettalhaoui , Anna Greti Everding , Mirjam Evers , Isabelle Fabre , Marc Fabre , Amna Faheem , Arabella Fahy , Cameron Fairfield , Zul Fakar , Komal Fareed , Pedro Faria , Ahmed Farooq , Arie Zainul Fatoni , Karine Faure , Raphaël Favory , Mohamed Fayed , Niamh Feely , Laura Feeney , Jorge Fernandes , Marília Andreia Fernandes , Susana Fernandes , François-Xavier Ferrand , Eglantine Ferrand Devouge , Joana Ferrão , Mário Ferraz , Benigno Ferreira , Bernardo Ferreira , Isabel Ferreira , Sílvia Ferreira , Ricard Ferrer-Roca , Nicolas Ferriere , Céline Ficko , Juan Fiorda , Thomas Flament , Clara Flateau , Tom Fletcher , Letizia Lucia Florio , Deirdre Flynn , Claire Foley , Jean Foley , Victor Fomin , Tatiana Fonseca , Patricia Fontela , Simon Forsyth , Denise Foster , Giuseppe Foti , Erwan Fourn , Marianne Fraher , Diego Franch-Llasat , Christophe Fraser , John Fraser , Marcela Vieira Freire , Ana Freitas Ribeiro , Craig French , Caren Friedrich , Stéphanie Fry , Nora Fuentes , Masahiro Fukuda , Argin G , Valérie Gaborieau , Rostane Gaci , Massimo Gagliardi , Jean-Charles Gagnard , Amandine Gagneux-Brunon , Sérgio Gaião , Linda Gail Skeie , Phil Gallagher , Carrol Gamble , Arthur Garan , Rebekha Garcia , Noelia García Barrio , Navya Garimella , Denis Garot , Valérie Garrait , Basanta Gauli , Nathalie Gault , Aisling Gavin , Anatoliy Gavrylov , Alexandre Gaymard , Johannes Gebauer , Eva Geraud , Louis Gerbaud Morlaes , Nuno Germano , Jade Ghosn , Marco Giani , Jess Gibson , Tristan Gigante , Morgane Gilg , Elaine Gilroy , Guillermo Giordano , Michelle Girvan , Valérie Gissot , Daniel Glikman , Petr Glybochko , Eric Gnall , Geraldine Goco , François Goehringer , Siri Goepel , Jean-Christophe Goffard , Jonathan Golob , Joan Gómez-Junyent , Marie Gominet , Alicia Gonzalez , Patricia Gordon , Isabelle Gorenne , Laure Goubert , Cécile Goujard , Tiphaine Goulenok , Margarite Grable , Jeronimo Graf , Edward Wilson Grandin , Pascal Granier , Giacomo Grasselli , Christopher Green , Courtney Greene , William Greenhalf , Segolène Greffe , Domenico Luca Grieco , Matthew Griffee , Fiona Griffiths , Albert Groenendijk , Anja Grosse Lordemann , Heidi Gruner , Yusing Gu , Jérémie Guedj , Martin Guego , Dewi Guellec , Anne-Marie Guerguerian , Daniela Guerreiro , Romain Guery , Anne Guillaumot , Laurent Guilleminault , Maisa Guimarães de Castro , Thomas Guimard , Marieke Haalboom , Daniel Haber , Hannah Habraken , Ali Hachemi , Nadir Hadri , Fakhir Haidri , Sheeba Hakak , Adam Hall , Matthew Hall , Sophie Halpin , Jawad Hameed , Ansley Hamer , Rebecca Hamidfar , Terese Hammond , Rashan Haniffa , Hayley Hardwick , Ewen Harrison , Janet Harrison , Samuel Bernard Ekow Harrison , Mohd Shahnaz Hasan , Junaid Hashmi , Muhammad Hayat , Ailbhe Hayes , Leanne Hays , Jan Heerman , Lars Heggelund , Ross Hendry , Martina Hennessy , Maxime Hentzien , Andrew Hershey , Liv Hesstvedt , Astarini Hidayah , Dawn Higgins , Eibhilin Higgins , Rupert Higgins , Rita Hinchion , Samuel Hinton , Hikombo Hitoto , Antonia Ho , Alexandre Hoctin , Isabelle Hoffmann , Oscar Hoiting , Rebecca Holt , Jan Cato Holter , Peter Horby , Juan Pablo Horcajada , Koji Hoshino , Kota Hoshino , Ikram Houas , Catherine Hough , Jimmy Ming-Yang Hsu , Jean-Sébastien Hulot , Stella Huo , Abby Hurd , Iqbal Hussain , Samreen Ijaz , Arfan Ikram , Hajnal-Gabriela Illes , Patrick Imbert , Mohammad Imran , Rana Imran Sikander , Aftab Imtiaz , Hugo Inácio , Carmen Infante Dominguez , Mariachiara Ippolito , Sarah Isgett , Tiago Isidoro , Margaux Isnard , Daniel Ivulich , Danielle Jaafar , Salma Jaafoura , Julien Jabot , Clare Jackson , Nina Jamieson , Pierre Jaquet , Coline Jaud-Fischer , Stéphane Jaureguiberry , Florence Jego , Synne Jenum , Ruth García , Cédric Joseph , Mark Joseph , Swosti Joshi , Mercé Jourdain , Philippe Jouvet , Anna Jung , Dafsah Juzar , Ouifiya Kafif , Florentia Kaguelidou , Sabina Kali , Smaragdi Kalomoiri , Darshana Hewa Kandamby , Chris Kandel , Darakhshan Kanwal , Anant Kataria , Kevin Katz , Christy Kay , Hannah Keane , Seán Keating , Andrea Kelly , Aoife Kelly , Claire Kelly , Niamh Kelly , Sadie Kelly , Yvelynne Kelly , Maeve Kelsey , Kalynn Kennon , Maeve Kernan , Younes Kerroumi , Sharma Keshav , Imrana Khalid , Osama Khalid , Antoine Khalil , Coralie Khan , Irfan Khan , Quratul Ain Khan , Sushil Khanal , Abid Khatak , Amin Khawaja , Michelle Kho , Saye Khoo , Nasir Khoso , Yuri Kida , Peter Kiiza , Beathe Kiland Granerud , Anders Benjamin Kildal , Antoine Kimmoun , Detlef Kindgen-Milles , Nobuya Kitamura , Paul Klenerman , Rob Klont , Gry Kloumann Bekken , Stephen Knight , Robin Kobbe , Chamira Kodippily , Malte Kohns Vasconcelos , Sabin Koirala , Caroline Kosgei , Arsène Kpangon , Karolina Krawczyk , Oksana Kruglova , Deepali Kumar , Mukesh Kumar , Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan , Pavan Kumar Vecham , Dinesh Kuriakose , Ethan Kurtzman , Demetrios Kutsogiannis , Galyna Kutsyna , Konstantinos Kyriakoulis , Marie Lachatre , Marie Lacoste , John Laffey , Marie Lagrange , Fabrice Laine , Olivier Lairez , Sanjay Lakhey , Antonio Lalueza , Marc Lambert , François Lamontagne , Marie Langelot-Richard , Vincent Langlois , Eka Yudha Lantang , Marina Lanza , Cédric Laouénan , Samira Laribi , Delphine Lariviere , Stéphane Lasry , Naveed Latif , Odile Launay , Didier Laureillard , Yoan Lavie-Badie , Andrew Law , Cassie Lawrence , Teresa Lawrence , Minh Le , Clément Le Bihan , Cyril Le Bris , Georges Le Falher , Lucie Le Fevre , Quentin Le Hingrat , Marion Le Maréchal , Soizic Le Mestre , Gwenaël Le Moal , Vincent Le Moing , Hervé Le Nagard , Paul Le Turnier , Ema Leal , Marta Leal Santos , James Lee , Jennifer Lee , Su Hwan Lee , Todd Lee , Gary Leeming , Bénédicte Lefebvre , Laurent Lefebvre , Benjamin Lefèvre , Sylvie Legac , Jean-Daniel Lelievre , François Lellouche , Adrien Lemaignen , Véronique Lemee , Anthony Lemeur , Gretchen Lemmink , Jenny Lennon , Rafael León , Marc Leone , Michela Leone , François-Xavier Lescure , Olivier Lesens , Mathieu Lesouhaitier ,