Genomic Instability and Pro-Tumoral Inflammation are associated with Primary Resistance to Anti-PD1 + Anti-Angiogenesis in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Francois-Xavier Danlos (1) , Matthieu Texier (1) , Bastien Job (1) , Severine Mouraud (1) , Lydie Cassard (1) , Capucine Baldini (1) , Andrea Varga , Andrey Yurchenko , Audrey Rabeau , Stephane Champiat , Diane Letourneur (2, 3, 4) , Delphine Bredel , Sandrine Susini , Yuna Blum (5) , Aurelien Parpaleix , Cedric Parlavecchio , Lambros Tselikas , Jean-Eudes Fahrner , Anne-Gaelle Goubet , Mathieu Rouanne , Saloomeh Rafie , Alae Abbassi , Ines Kasraoui , Marie Breckler , Siham Farhane , Samy Ammari (6) , Salim Laghouati , Anas Gazzah , Ludovic Lacroix (7) , Benjamin Besse (8) , Nathalie Droin (9) , Marc Deloger , Sophie Cotteret , Julien Adam (10) , Laurence Zitvogel (2) , Sergey Nikolaev (11) , Nathalie Chaput (12) , Christophe Massard (13) , Jean-Charles Soria , Carlos Gomez-Roca (14) , Gerard Zalcman (1) , David Planchard (1, 10) , Aurelien Marabelle (1, 2)

1 IGR - Institut Gustave Roussy
2 ITIC - Immunologie anti-tumorale et immunothérapie des cancers
3 ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon
4 UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
5 IGDR - Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes
6 Département d'imagerie médicale [Gustave Roussy]
7 Département de biologie et pathologie médicales [Gustave Roussy]
8 Département de médecine oncologique
9 Dynamo - Dynamique moléculaire de la transformation hématopoïétique
10 Département de médecine oncologique [Gustave Roussy]
11 PMNCO - Prédicteurs moléculaires et nouvelles cibles en oncologie
12 AMMICa - Analyse moléculaire, modélisation et imagerie de la maladie cancéreuse
13 DITEP - Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et essais précoces [Gustave Roussy]
14 Institut Claudius Regaud

Cancer immunotherapy combinations have recently shown to improve the overall survival of advanced mesotheliomas especially for patients responding to those treatments. We aimed to characterize the biological correlates of malignant pleural mesotheliomas primary resistance to immunotherapy and anti-angiogenics by testing the combination of pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, and nintedanib, a pan anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in the multi-center PEMBIB trial (NCT02856425). Thirty patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma were treated and explored. Unexpectedly, we found that refractory patients were actively recruiting CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells in their tumors through CXCL9 tumor release upon treatment. However, these patients displayed high levels of somatic copy number alterations in their tumors that correlated with high blood and tumor levels of IL-6 and CXCL8. Those pro-inflammatory cytokines resulted in higher tumor secretion of VEGF and tumor enrichment in regulatory T-cells. Advanced mesothelioma should further benefit from stratified combination therapies adapted to their tumor biology.

Domains: Life Sciences [q-bio]; Cancer

Francois-Xavier Danlos, Matthieu Texier, Bastien Job, Severine Mouraud, Lydie Cassard, et al.. Genomic Instability and Pro-Tumoral Inflammation are associated with Primary Resistance to Anti-PD1 + Anti-Angiogenesis in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancer Discovery, 2023, pp.OF1-OF22. ⟨10.1158/2159-8290.CD-22-0886⟩. ⟨hal-03972355⟩