F. Abraham, T. Alshuth, and S. Et-jerrams, The dependance of mean stress and stress amplitude of the fatigue life of elastomers, 2001.

F. Abraham, T. Alshuth, and S. Et-jerrams, The effect of minimum stress and stress amplitude on the fatigue life of non strain crystallising elastomers, Materials & Design, vol.26, issue.3, pp.239-245, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.matdes.2004.02.020

N. André, Critère local d'amorçage de fissures en fatigue dans unélastomèreunélastomère de type NR, Thèse de doctorat, 1999.

N. André, G. Cailletaud, and R. Et-piques, Haigh diagram for fatigue crack initiation prediction of natural rubber components, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst, vol.52, pp.120-123, 1999.

F. Andrieux, Sur les milieux visco-hyperélastiques endommageables, Thèse de doctorat, 1996.

M. F. Ashby and D. R. Et-jones, Matériaux. 2. Microstructures et mise en oeuvre, 1991.

C. Bathias, L. Gorju, K. Lu, C. Et-menabeuf, and L. , Fatigue Crack Growth Damage in Elastomeric Materials, pp.505-513, 1997.
DOI : 10.1520/STP16251S

C. Bathias, P. Houel, Y. N-'faly-berete, and K. Et-le-gorju, Damage characterization of elastmeric composites using X-ray attenuation, 1998.

´. Cardon, Fatigue and fracture, volume Progress indurability analysis of composite systems, Third International Conference, pp.103-110, 1997.

J. R. Beatty, Fatigue of Rubber, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.37, issue.5, pp.1341-1364, 1964.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3540402

J. S. Bergström and M. C. Et-boyce, Constitutive modeling of the large strain time-dependent behavior of elastomers, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol.46, issue.5, pp.931-954, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5096(97)00075-6

M. Braden and A. N. Et-gent, The attack of ozone on stretched rubber vulcanizates. I. The rate of cut growth, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.3, issue.7, pp.90-99, 1960.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1960.070030713

M. Braden and A. N. Et-gent, The attack of ozone on stretched rubber vulcanizates. II. Conditions for cut growth, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.3, issue.7, pp.100-106, 1960.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1960.070030714

F. Bueche, Mullins effect and rubber???filler interaction, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.5, issue.15, pp.271-281, 1961.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1961.070051504

J. J. Busfield, C. H. Ratsimba, and A. G. Et-thomas, Crack growth and strain induced anisotropy in carbon black filled natural rubber, J. Nat. Rubber. Res, vol.12, pp.131-141, 1997.

S. M. Cadwell, R. A. Merril, C. M. Sloman, and F. L. Et-yost, Dynamic fatigue life of rubber, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (reprinted in Rubber Chem. and Tech, vol.13, issue.12, pp.304-315, 1940.

S. Cantournet, Endommagement et fatigue desélastomèresdesélastomères, Thèse de doctorat, 2000.

G. Chagnon, Modélisation de l'effet Mullins dans lesélastomèreslesélastomères, Thèse de Doctorat, 2003.

P. Charrier, E. Ostoja-kuczynski, E. Verron, G. Marckmann, L. Gornet et al., Theoretical and numerical limitations for the simulation of crack propagation in natural rubber components, Constitutive Models for Rubber III, pp.3-9, 2003.

E. A. De-souza-neto, D. Peric, and D. R. Et-owen, A phenomenological three-dimensional rate-idependent continuum damage model for highly filled polymers: Formulation and computational aspects, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol.42, issue.10, pp.1533-1550, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-5096(94)90086-8

J. Diani, ContributionàContributionà l'´ etude du comportementélastiquecomportementélastique et de l'endommagement des matériauxmatériauxélastomères, Thèse de Doctorat, 1999.

A. D. Drozdov and A. I. Et-dorfmann, Stress???strain relations in finite viscoelastoplasticity of rigid-rod networks: applications to the Mullins effect, Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics, vol.13, issue.3, pp.183-205, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s001610100049

R. J. Farris, Dilatation of granular filled elastomers under high rates of strain, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.8, issue.1, pp.25-35, 1964.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1964.070080102

R. J. Farris, The Influence of Vacuole Formation on the Response and Failure of Filled Elastomers, Transactions of the Society of Rheology, vol.12, issue.2, pp.315-334, 1968.
DOI : 10.1122/1.549111

J. H. Fielding, Flex Life and Crystallization of Synthetic Rubber, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, vol.35, issue.12, pp.1259-1261, 1943.
DOI : 10.1021/ie50408a008

S. D. Gehman and R. P. Clifford, Fatigue of rubber with two-way stretching. Rubber world, p.365, 1954.

G. Glinka, G. Shen, and A. Et-plumtree, A MULTIAXIAL FATIGUE STRAIN ENERGY DENSITY PARAMETER RELATED TO THE CRITICAL FRACTURE PLANE, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, vol.110, issue.3, pp.37-46, 1995.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00140.x

S. Govindjee and J. C. Et-simo, Mullins' effect and the strain amplitude dependence of the storage modulus, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.29, issue.14-15, pp.1737-1751, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0020-7683(92)90167-R

M. Klüppel and J. Et-schramm, A generalized tube model of rubber elasticity and stress softening of filler reinforced elastomer systems, Macromolecular Theory and Simulations, vol.9, issue.9, pp.742-754, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1521-3919(20001201)9:9<742::AID-MATS742>3.0.CO;2-4

G. J. Lake, Fatigue and Fracture of Elastomers, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.68, issue.3, pp.435-460, 1995.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3538750

G. J. Lake and P. B. Et-lindley, Role of ozone in dynamic cut growth of rubber, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.9, issue.6, pp.2031-2045, 1965.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1965.070090604

K. Layouni, L. Laiarinandrasana, and R. Et-piques, Compressibility induced by damage in carbon black reinforced natural rubber, Constitutive Models for Rubber III, pp.292-298, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00164380

K. Lazareva, Kauch i rezina, p.28, 1974.

J. Leblanc, Rhéologie desélastomèresdesélastomères et mise en oeuvre des polymères, 1996.

D. J. Lee and J. A. Et-donovan, Microstructural Changes in the Crack Tip Region of Carbon-Black-Filled Natural Rubber, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.60, issue.5, pp.910-923, 1987.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3536164

K. Legorju-jago and C. Et-bathias, Application of X-ray tomography for understanding of cavitation process of natural rubbers. 8th international seminar on elastomers, pp.129-131, 2001.

K. Legorju-jago and C. Et-bathias, Fatigue initiation and propagation in natural and synthetic rubbers, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.24, issue.2-4, pp.85-92, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-1123(01)00062-7

P. Lindley, Non-Relaxing Crack Growth and Fatigue in a Non-Crystallizing Rubber, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.47, issue.5, pp.1253-1264, 1974.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3540497

A. Lion, On the large deformation behaviour of reinforced rubber at different temperatures, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol.45, issue.11-12, pp.1805-1834, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5096(97)00028-8

C. Lu, Etude du comportement mécanique et des mécanismes d'endommagement desélastomères desélastomères en fatigue et en fissuration par fatigue, Thèse de Doctorat, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 1991.

J. F. Mandell, J. Kawamoto, and F. J. Et-mcgarry, Effects of material and loading parameters on fatigue crack growth in wire reinforced rubber, pp.1-36, 1997.

G. Marckmann, E. Verron, L. Gornet, G. Chagnon, P. Charrier et al., A theory of network alteration for the Mullins effect, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol.50, issue.9, pp.2011-2028, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5096(01)00136-3

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01004954

J. E. Mark and B. Et-erman, Rubberlike Elasticity -A Molecular Primer, J. Wiley and Sons, 1988.

W. V. Mars, Multiaxial fatigue of rubber, Thèse de Doctorat, 2001.

C. Miehe, Discontinuous and continuous damage evolution in Ogden-type large-strain elastic materials, Eur. J. Mech. A/Solids, vol.14, pp.697-720, 1995.

L. Mullins, Effect of Stretching on the Properties of Rubber, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.21, issue.2, pp.281-300, 1948.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3546914

L. Mullins, Softening of Rubber by Deformation, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.42, issue.1, pp.339-362, 1969.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3539210

E. Ostoja-kuczynski, P. Charrier, E. Verron, G. Marckmann, L. Gornet et al., Crack initiation in filled natural rubber: experimental database and macroscopic observations, Constitutive Models for Rubber III, pp.3-10, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01004685

B. J. Roberts and J. B. Et-benzies, The relationship between uniaxial and equibiaxial fatigue in gum and carbon black filled vulcanizates, pp.1-13, 1977.

A. Robisson, Comportement mécanique d'unélastomèreunélastomère chargé en silice. Etude de l'influence des charges et modélisation par une loi visco-hyperélastique endommageable, 2000.

N. Saintier, Prévisions de la durée de vie en fatigue du NR, sous chargement multiaxial, Thèse de doctorat, 2000.

S. Svensson, Testing methods for fatigue properties of rubber materials and vibration isolators, Polymer Testing, vol.2, issue.3, pp.161-174, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0142-9418(81)90002-7

G. Townson and J. Et-hallet, An introduction to the terminology used in the carbon black industry, Constitutive Models for Rubber IV, pp.471-476, 2005.

E. Verron, Modélisation du comportement des structures et des matériauxmatériauxélastomères, volume Mémoire d'habilitationàhabilitationà diriger des recherches, 2003.

B. Adriaensens, P. Pollaris, A. Vanderzande, D. Gelan, J. White et al., Relationships between Microvoid Heterogeneity and Physical Properties in Cross-Linked Elastomers:?? An NMR Imaging Study, Macromolecules, vol.33, issue.19, pp.7116-7121, 2000.
DOI : 10.1021/ma000643z

D. Albertini, Microscopie Champ Proche, 2004.

N. André, G. Cailletaud, and R. Et-piques, Haigh diagram for fatigue crack initiation prediction of natural rubber components, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst, vol.52, pp.120-123, 1999.

W. D. Bascom, Scanning Electron Microscopy of Rubber Tear, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.50, issue.5, pp.875-883, 1977.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3535182

D. Bielinski, Finite viscoelasticity, plasticity and damage of a class of filled elastomers: constitutive model, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst, vol.57, pp.13-21, 2004.

J. Bikard and T. Et-desoyer, Finite viscoelasticity, plasticity and damage of a class of filled elastomers: Constitutive model, Mechanics Research Communications, vol.28, issue.6, pp.693-702, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0093-6413(02)00221-5

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00328573

J. Diani, ContributionàContributionà l'´ etude du comportementélastiquecomportementélastique et de l'endommagement des matériauxmatériauxélastomères, Thèse de Doctorat, 1999.

A. N. Gent and P. B. Et-lindley, Internal Rupture of Bonded Rubber Cylinders in Tension, Proc. R. Soc, pp.195-205, 1959.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1959.0016

A. N. Gent and B. Park, Failure processes in elastomers at or near a rigid spherical inclusion, Journal of Materials Science, vol.17, issue.6, pp.1947-1956, 1984.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00550265

A. N. Gent and C. Et-pulford, Micromechanics of fracture in elastomers, Journal of Materials Science, vol.19, issue.11, pp.3612-3619, 1984.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02396933

J. A. Harwood, L. Mullins, and A. R. Et-payne, Stress softenig in rubbers -a review, Journal of the IRI, vol.1, pp.17-27, 1967.

I. H. Jeon, H. Kim, and S. G. Et-kim, Characterization of Rubber Micro-Morphology by Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM), Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.76, issue.1, pp.1-11, 2003.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3547733

K. Layouni, L. Laiarinandrasana, and R. Et-piques, Compressibility induced by damage in carbon black reinforced natural rubber, Constitutive Models for Rubber III, pp.292-298, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00164380

L. Cam, J. Huneau, B. Verron, E. Et-gornet, and L. , Mechanism of Fatigue Crack Growth in Carbon Black Filled Natural Rubber, Macromolecules, vol.37, issue.13, pp.5011-5017, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/ma0495386

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01010941

K. Legorju-jago and C. Et-bathias, Application of X-ray tomography for understanding of cavitation process of natural rubbers. 8th international seminar on elastomers, pp.129-131, 2001.

K. Legorju-jago and C. Et-bathias, Fatigue initiation and propagation in natural and synthetic rubbers, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.24, issue.2-4, pp.85-92, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-1123(01)00062-7

J. E. Mark and B. Et-erman, Rubberlike Elasticity -A Molecular Primer, J. Wiley and Sons, 1988.

W. V. Mars, Multiaxial fatigue of rubber, Thèse de Doctorat, 2001.

C. Miehe, Discontinuous and continuous damage evolution in Ogden-type large-strain elastic materials, Eur. J. Mech. A/Solids, vol.14, pp.697-720, 1995.

A. E. Oberth and R. Et-bruener, Tear Phenomena around Solid Inclusions in Castable Elastomers, Transactions of the Society of Rheology, vol.9, issue.2, pp.165-185, 1965.
DOI : 10.1122/1.548997

E. Ostoja-kuczynski, Comportement en fatigue desélastomèresdesélastomères : application aux structures antivibratoires pour l'automobile, 2005.

E. Ostoja-kuczynski, P. Charrier, E. Verron, G. Marckmann, L. Gornet et al., Crack initiation in filled natural rubber: experimental database and macroscopic observations, Constitutive Models for Rubber III, pp.3-10, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01004685

J. Rault, Les Polymères Solides, 2002.

A. Robisson, Comportement mécanique d'unélastomèreunélastomère chargé en silice. Etude de l'influence des charges et modélisation par une loi visco-hyperélastique endommageable, 2000.

N. Saintier, Prévisions de la durée de vie en fatigue du NR, sous chargement multiaxial, Thèse de doctorat, 2000.

S. Toki, I. Sics, B. S. Hsiao, S. Murakami, M. Tosaka et al., Structural developments in synthetic rubbers during uniaxial deformation byin situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol.19, issue.6, pp.956-964, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/polb.10679

S. Trabelsi, P. Albouy, and J. Et-rault, Stress-Induced Crystallization around a Crack Tip in Natural Rubber, Macromolecules, vol.35, issue.27, pp.10054-10061, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/ma021106c

S. Trabelsi, P. Albouy, and J. Et-rault, Effective Local Deformation in Stretched Filled Rubber, Macromolecules, vol.36, issue.24, pp.9093-9099, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/ma0303566

O. H. Yeoh, Characterization of Elastic Properties of Carbon-Black-Filled Rubber Vulcanizates, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.63, issue.5, pp.792-805, 1990.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3538289

B. Abraham, F. Alshuth, T. Et-jerrams, and S. , The dependance of mean stress and stress amplitude of the fatigue life of elastomers, 2001.

F. Abraham, T. Alshuth, and S. Et-jerrams, The effect of minimum stress and stress amplitude on the fatigue life of non strain crystallising elastomers, Materials & Design, vol.26, issue.3, pp.239-245, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.matdes.2004.02.020

N. André, G. Cailletaud, and R. Et-piques, Haigh diagram for fatigue crack initiation prediction of natural rubber components, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst, vol.52, pp.120-123, 1999.

J. M. Ball, Discontinuous Equilibrium Solutions and Cavitation in Nonlinear Elasticity, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.306, issue.1496, pp.557-610, 1982.
DOI : 10.1098/rsta.1982.0095

C. Bathias, P. Houel, Y. N-'faly-berete, and K. Et-le-gorju, Damage characterization of elastmeric composites using X-ray attenuation, 1998.

´. Cardon, Fatigue and fracture, volume Progress indurability analysis of composite systems, Third International Conference, pp.103-110, 1997.

J. R. Beatty, Fatigue of Rubber, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.37, issue.5, pp.1341-1364, 1964.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3540402

M. F. Beatty, Topics in Finite Elasticity: Hyperelasticity of Rubber, Elastomers, and Biological Tissues???With Examples, Applied Mechanics Reviews, vol.40, issue.12, pp.1699-1734, 1987.
DOI : 10.1115/1.3149545

J. Bonet and R. D. Wood, Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics for Finite Element Analysis, 1997.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511755446

S. M. Cadwell, R. A. Merril, C. M. Sloman, and F. L. Et-yost, Dynamic fatigue life of rubber, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (reprinted in Rubber Chem. and Tech, vol.13, issue.12, pp.304-315, 1940.

J. Diani, ContributionàContributionà l'´ etude du comportementélastiquecomportementélastique et de l'endommagement des matériauxmatériauxélastomères, Thèse de Doctorat, 1999.

J. H. Fielding, Flex Life and Crystallization of Synthetic Rubber, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, vol.35, issue.12, pp.1259-1261, 1943.
DOI : 10.1021/ie50408a008

C. Fond, A. Lobbrecht, and R. Et-schirrer, Polymers toughened with rubber microspheres: an analytical solution for stresses and strains in the rubber particles at equilibrium and rupture, International Journal of Fracture, vol.249, issue.2, pp.141-159, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00037234

A. N. Gent and P. B. Et-lindley, Internal Rupture of Bonded Rubber Cylinders in Tension, Proc. R. Soc, pp.195-205, 1959.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1959.0016

A. N. Gent and B. Park, Failure processes in elastomers at or near a rigid spherical inclusion, Journal of Materials Science, vol.17, issue.6, pp.1947-1956, 1984.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00550265

G. Glinka, G. Shen, and A. Et-plumtree, A MULTIAXIAL FATIGUE STRAIN ENERGY DENSITY PARAMETER RELATED TO THE CRITICAL FRACTURE PLANE, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, vol.110, issue.3, pp.37-46, 1995.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00140.x

G. A. Holzapfel, Nonlinear Solid Mechanics. A continuum approach for engineering, J. Wiley and Sons, 2000.

H. S. Hou and R. Et-abeyaratne, Cavitation in elastic and elastic-plastic solids, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol.40, pp.571-592, 1992.

K. Legorju-jago and C. Et-bathias, Fatigue initiation and propagation in natural and synthetic rubbers, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.24, issue.2-4, pp.85-92, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-1123(01)00062-7

C. Lu, Etude du comportement mécanique et des mécanismes d'endommagement desélastomères desélastomères en fatigue et en fissuration par fatigue, Thèse de Doctorat, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 1991.

W. V. Mars, Multiaxial fatigue of rubber, Thèse de Doctorat, 2001.

M. Mooney, A Theory of Large Elastic Deformation, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.11, issue.9, pp.582-592, 1940.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1712836

A. E. Oberth and R. Et-bruener, Tear Phenomena around Solid Inclusions in Castable Elastomers, Transactions of the Society of Rheology, vol.9, issue.2, pp.165-185, 1965.
DOI : 10.1122/1.548997

R. W. Ogden, Non-Linear Elastic Deformations, 1984.

I. Raoult, M. Bourgeois, and C. Et-stolz, Durabilité desélastomèresdesélastomères. Actes dusixì eme colloque national en calcul des structures, tome I, pp.397-403, 2003.

R. S. Rivlin, Large Elastic Deformations of Isotropic Materials. IV. Further Developments of the General Theory, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.241, issue.835, pp.379-397, 1948.
DOI : 10.1098/rsta.1948.0024

B. J. Roberts and J. B. Et-benzies, The relationship between uniaxial and equibiaxial fatigue in gum and carbon black filled vulcanizates, pp.1-13, 1977.

A. Robisson, Comportement mécanique d'unélastomèreunélastomère chargé en silice. Etude de l'influence des charges et modélisation par une loi visco-hyperélastique endommageable, 2000.

N. Saintier, Prévisions de la durée de vie en fatigue du NR, sous chargement multiaxial, Thèse de doctorat, 2000.

C. Truesdell, The Elements of Continuum Mechanics, 1966.

E. Verron, Modélisation du comportement des structures et des matériauxmatériauxélastomères, volume Mémoire d'habilitationàhabilitationà diriger des recherches, 2003.

E. Verron, Prediction of fatigue crack initiation in rubber with the help of configurational mechanics, Constitutive Models for Rubber IV, pp.3-8, 2005.

E. Verron, L. Cam, J. Et-gornet, and L. , A multiaxial criterion for crack nucleation in rubber, Mechanics Research Communications, vol.33, issue.4, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2005.06.001

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01004902

J. Xie, Etude de la fatigue et de la rupture des assemblages collés composite-´ elastomère, Thèse de doctorat, 1992.

O. H. Yeoh, Characterization of Elastic Properties of Carbon-Black-Filled Rubber Vulcanizates, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.63, issue.5, pp.792-805, 1990.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3538289

A. Annexe, 184 A.1.1 Essai de compression répétéè a déplacement imposé suréprouvettesuréprouvette Diabolo184 A.1.2 Essai de traction/compressionàcompressionà déplacement imposé suréprouvettesuréprouvette, p.184

.. Fatigue-multiaxiale, 190 A.2.1 Essais de torsion répétéè a angle imposé suréprouvettessuréprouvettes, 190 A.2.2 Essais de torsion alternéè a angle imposé suréprouvettessuréprouvettes AE2 . . . . . . 191 A.2.3 Essais de traction/torsion répétéesrépétéesà déplacement et en angle imposé suréprouvettes suréprouvettes AE2 et déphasé de 180 ?

C. Atkinson and N. D. Et-aparicio, Fracture detection problems:, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.36, issue.31-32, pp.4889-4899, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7683(98)00270-4

P. Chadwick, Applications of an energy-momentum tensor in non-linear elastostatics, Journal of Elasticity, vol.5, issue.3-4, pp.249-258, 1975.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00126989

J. D. Eshelby, The Force on an Elastic Singularity, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.244, issue.877, pp.87-112, 1951.
DOI : 10.1098/rsta.1951.0016

J. D. Eshelby, The elastic energy-momentum tensor, Journal of Elasticity, vol.241, issue.3-4, pp.321-335, 1975.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00126994

D. Gross, S. Kolling, R. Mueller, and I. Et-schmidt, Configurational forces and their application in solid mechanics, European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids, vol.22, issue.5, pp.669-692, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0997-7538(03)00076-7

M. E. Gurtin, Configurational Forces as Basic Concept of Continuum Physics, 2000.

R. Kienzler and G. Et-herrmann, Properties of the Eshelby Tensor, Acta Mech, vol.125, pp.73-91, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-57010-0_4

R. Kienzler and G. Et-herrmann, Mechanics in Material Space, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-57010-0

R. Kienzler and G. Et-herrmann, Fracture criteria based on local properties of the Eshelby tensor, Mechanics Research Communications, vol.29, issue.6, pp.521-527, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0093-6413(02)00299-9

W. V. Mars, Multiaxial fatigue of rubber, Thèse de Doctorat, 2001.

W. V. Mars and A. Et-fatemi, A literature survey on fatigue analysis approaches for rubber, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.24, issue.9, pp.949-961, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-1123(02)00008-7

G. A. Maugin, Material Inhomogeneities in Elasticity, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4899-4481-8

R. Mueller and G. A. Et-maugin, On material forces and finite element discretizations, Computational Mechanics, vol.29, issue.1, pp.52-60, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00466-002-0322-2

J. R. Rice, A Path Independent Integral and the Approximate Analysis of Strain Concentration by Notches and Cracks, Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol.35, issue.2, pp.379-386, 1968.
DOI : 10.1115/1.3601206

P. Steinmann, Application of material forces to hyperelastostatic fracture mechanics. I. Continuum mechanical setting, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.37, issue.48-50, pp.7371-7391, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00203-1

P. Steinmann, D. Ackermann, and F. J. Et-barth, Application of material forces to hyperelastostatic fracture mechanics. II. Computational setting, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.38, issue.32-33, pp.5509-5526, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00381-4

E. Verron, Prediction of fatigue crack initiation in rubber with the help of configurational mechanics, Constitutive Models for Rubber IV, pp.3-8, 2005.

E. Verron, L. Cam, J. Et-gornet, and L. , A multiaxial criterion for crack nucleation in rubber, Mechanics Research Communications, vol.33, issue.4, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2005.06.001

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01004902